Li Yue, Zhang Hao, Su Weipeng, Ying Zhixiong, Chen Yueping, Zhang Lili, Lu Zhaoxin, Wang Tian
1College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 China.
2College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2018 Mar 13;9:22. doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0236-2. eCollection 2018.
The focus of recent research has been directed toward the probiotic potential of (BA) on the gut health of animals. However, little is known about BA's effects on piglets with intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of BA supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, inflammatory response, and microbiota of IUGR piglets.
Eighteen litters of newborn piglets were selected at birth, with one normal birth weight (NBW) and two IUGR piglets in each litter (i.e., 18 NBW and 36 IUGR piglets in total). At weaning, the NBW piglet and one of the IUGR piglets were assigned to groups fed a control diet (i.e., the NBW-CON and IUGR-CON groups). The other IUGR piglet was assigned to a group fed the control diet supplemented with 2.0 g BA per kg of diet (i.e., IUGR-BA group). The piglets were thus distributed across three groups for a four-week period.
IUGR reduced the growth performance of the IUGR-CON piglets compared with the NBW-CON piglets. It was also associated with decreased villus sizes, increased apoptosis rates, reduced goblet cell numbers, and an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the small intestine. Supplementation with BA improved the average daily weight gain and the feed efficiency of the IUGR-BA group compared with the IUGR-CON group ( < 0.05). The IUGR-BA group exhibited increases in the ratio of jejunal villus height to crypt depth, in ileal villus height, and in ileal goblet cell density. They also exhibited decreases in the numbers of jejunal and ileal apoptotic cells and ileal proliferative cells ( < 0.05). Supplementation with BA increased interleukin 10 content, but it decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha level in the small intestines of the IUGR-BA piglets ( < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the IUGR-CON piglets, the IUGR-BA piglets had less in their jejunal digesta, but more and in their ileal digesta ( < 0.05).
Dietary supplementation with BA improves morphology, decreases inflammatory response, and regulates microbiota in the small intestines of IUGR piglets, which may contribute to improved growth performance during early life.
近期研究的重点已转向（BA）对动物肠道健康的益生菌潜力。然而，关于BA对宫内生长受限（IUGR）仔猪的影响知之甚少。因此，本研究调查了补充BA对IUGR仔猪生长性能、肠道形态、炎症反应和微生物群的影响。
出生时选择18窝新生仔猪，每窝1头正常出生体重（NBW）仔猪和2头IUGR仔猪（即总共18头NBW仔猪和36头IUGR仔猪）。断奶时，将NBW仔猪和1头IUGR仔猪分配到饲喂对照日粮的组中（即NBW-CON组和IUGR-CON组）。将另一头IUGR仔猪分配到饲喂添加每千克日粮2.0 g BA的对照日粮的组中（即IUGR-BA组）。仔猪因此被分为三组，为期四周。
与NBW-CON仔猪相比，IUGR降低了IUGR-CON仔猪的生长性能。它还与小肠绒毛尺寸减小、凋亡率增加、杯状细胞数量减少以及促炎和抗炎细胞因子之间的失衡有关。与IUGR-CON组相比，补充BA提高了IUGR-BA组的平均日增重和饲料效率（P<0.05）。IUGR-BA组空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比、回肠绒毛高度和回肠杯状细胞密度增加。它们还表现为空肠和回肠凋亡细胞以及回肠增殖细胞数量减少（P<0.05）。补充BA增加了IUGR-BA仔猪小肠中白细胞介素10的含量，但降低了肿瘤坏死因子α水平（P<0.05）。此外，与IUGR-CON仔猪相比，IUGR-BA仔猪空肠食糜中的[此处原文可能缺失特定内容]较少，但回肠食糜中的[此处原文可能缺失特定内容]和[此处原文可能缺失特定内容]较多（P<0.05）。
日粮中补充BA可改善IUGR仔猪小肠的形态，降低炎症反应并调节微生物群，这可能有助于改善早期生命阶段的生长性能。
