spp. as potential probiotics: promoting piglet growth by improving intestinal health.

The application of spp. as probiotics in the swine industry, particularly for piglet production, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This review aimed to summarized the role and mechanisms of spp. in promoting growth and maintaining gut health in piglets. spp. can enhance intestinal barrier function by promoting the proliferation and repair of intestinal epithelial cells and increasing mucosal barrier integrity, thereby reducing the risk of pathogenic microbial invasion. Additionally, spp. can activate the intestinal immune system of piglets, thereby enhancing the body's resistance to diseases. Moreover, spp. can optimize the gut microbial community structure, enhance the activity of beneficial bacteria such as , and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria such as , ultimately promoting piglet growth performance and improving feed efficiency. spp. has advantages as well as challenges as an animal probiotic, and safety evaluation should be conducted when using the newly isolated spp. This review provides a scientific basis for the application of spp. in modern piglet production, highlighting their potential in improving the efficiency of livestock production and animal welfare.