Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-ku, Seoul 137-701, Korea.
Nutrients. 2018 Mar 22;10(4):387. doi: 10.3390/nu10040387.
Glaucoma is a leading cause of loss of sight. High intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most critical risk factor. However, glaucoma develops even within a normal IOP range. Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is more common in Asia, whereas high tension glaucoma is more common in Western countries. The pathogenesis of glaucoma, especially NTG, is poorly understood. We evaluated the correlation between dietary nutrient intake and glaucoma using data from subjects ≥40 years old from the ongoing, nationwide, population-based study, the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2008-2012). Dietary intake was determined using the 24 h recall method. Fiber (g/day), ash (g/day), calcium (mg/day), phosphorus (mg/day), iron (mg/day), sodium (mg/day), potassium (mg/day), β-Carotene (μg/day), retinol (μg/day), vitamin A (μg Retinol Equivalents/day), thiamine (mg/day), riboflavin (mg/day), niacin (mg/day), and vitamin C (mg/day) were included in nutrient intake data. All nutrient intake was divided into quartiles. The mean IOP did not differ according to quartiles from any nutrients (all > 0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, income status, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, IOP, and total energy, the intake of niacin was associated with glaucoma ( = 0.013). Among subjects with IOP ≤ 21 mmHg, only niacin was related to glaucoma in a multivariate analysis ( = 0.022). Dietary nutrient intake was associated with open-angle glaucoma independent of IOP. Individuals with NTG showed lower intake of niacin among nutrients. This finding suggests the possibility that proper diet counseling may be another modifiable factor, aside from IOP, particularly among patients with NTG.
青光眼是导致失明的主要原因之一。眼内压（IOP）升高是最关键的危险因素。然而，即使在正常的 IOP 范围内，青光眼也会发展。正常眼压性青光眼（NTG）在亚洲更为常见，而高眼压性青光眼在西方国家更为常见。青光眼的发病机制，特别是 NTG，目前仍知之甚少。我们使用正在进行的全国性基于人群的研究，即韩国国家健康和营养检查调查 V（2008-2012 年）中≥40 岁的受试者的数据，评估了饮食营养摄入与青光眼之间的相关性。通过 24 小时回忆法确定饮食摄入。纤维（g/天）、灰分（g/天）、钙（mg/天）、磷（mg/天）、铁（mg/天）、钠（mg/天）、钾（mg/天）、β-胡萝卜素（μg/天）、视黄醇（μg/天）、维生素 A（μg 视黄醇当量/天）、硫胺素（mg/天）、核黄素（mg/天）、烟酸（mg/天）和维生素 C（mg/天）均包含在营养摄入数据中。所有营养素摄入均分为四分位组。从任何营养素来看，IOP 平均值均不随四分位数的不同而不同（所有>0.05）。在校正年龄、性别、收入状况、教育程度、吸烟、饮酒、体力活动、糖尿病、高血压、IOP 和总能量后，烟酸的摄入与青光眼有关（=0.013）。在 IOP≤21mmHg 的受试者中，只有烟酸与多变量分析中的青光眼有关（=0.022）。饮食营养摄入与开角型青光眼有关，与 IOP 无关。NTG 患者的烟酸摄入低于其他营养素。这一发现表明，适当的饮食咨询可能是除 IOP 以外的另一个可改变的因素，特别是在 NTG 患者中。
