Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Mar 22;19(4):944. doi: 10.3390/ijms19040944.
Periodontitis is a chronic disease that begins with a period of inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth table and then progresses, destroying the tissues until loss of the teeth occurs. The restoration of the damaged dental support apparatus is an extremely complex process due to the regeneration of the cementum, the periodontal ligament, and the alveolar bone. Conventional treatment relies on synthetic materials that fill defects and replace lost dental tissue, but these approaches are not substitutes for a real regeneration of tissue. To address this, there are several approaches to tissue engineering for regenerative dentistry, among them, the use of stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be obtained from various sources of adult tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, skin, and tissues of the orofacial area. MSC of dental origin, such as those found in the bone marrow, have immunosuppressive and immunotolerant properties, multipotency, high proliferation rates, and the capacity for tissue repair. However, they are poorly used as sources of tissue for therapeutic purposes. Their accessibility makes them an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells, so this review describes the field of dental stem cell research and proposes a potential mechanism involved in periodontal tissue regeneration induced by dental MSC.
牙周炎是一种慢性疾病，始于牙齿支持组织的炎症期，然后进展，破坏组织，直到牙齿脱落。由于牙骨质、牙周韧带和牙槽骨的再生，受损的牙科支持器械的修复是一个极其复杂的过程。传统的治疗方法依赖于填充缺陷和替代丢失的牙科组织的合成材料，但这些方法不能替代组织的真正再生。为了解决这个问题，有几种组织工程学方法可用于再生牙科，其中包括使用干细胞。间充质干细胞（MSC）可从各种成人组织中获得，如骨髓、脂肪组织、皮肤和口腔颌面部组织。牙源性 MSC，如骨髓中的 MSC，具有免疫抑制和免疫耐受特性、多能性、高增殖率和组织修复能力。然而，它们作为治疗目的的组织来源的应用并不广泛。它们的可及性使它们成为间充质干细胞的一个有吸引力的来源，因此，本综述描述了牙科干细胞研究领域，并提出了牙源性 MSC 诱导牙周组织再生所涉及的潜在机制。
