Watson Kimberly A, Gammon Doris G, Loomis Brett R, Juster Harlan R, Anker Elizabeth
1 Center for Health Policy Science & Tobacco Research, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.
2 Department of Health, Bureau of Tobacco Control, Albany, NY, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 2018 Nov;32(8):1679-1687. doi: 10.1177/0890117118764852. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
To describe the presence of licensed tobacco retailers (LTRs), cigarette advertisements, price-reducing promotions, and compliance with tobacco control policies in New York State from 2004 to 2015 and to discuss implications and lessons learned from 11 years of experience conducting LTR surveys.
Annual surveys of tobacco advertising from cross-sectional, stratified random samples of LTRs in New York State from 2004 to 2015 were conducted by professional data collectors. Data for 2013 were unavailable as the survey was not fielded in that year.
New York State.
Licensed tobacco retailers, which are stores licensed to sell tobacco in the state of New York. Between 3.6% (n = 800) and 19.7% (n = 3945) of all LTRs were sampled annually.
The presence and number of cigarette advertisements and the presence of price-reducing promotions, required age-of-sale signage, and self-service tobacco displays were documented.
We tested for significant differences between 2014 and 2015 and significant trends overall and by outlet type. We used logistic regression for binary outcomes and Poisson regression for count variables.
The number of LTRs in New York State decreased 22.9% from 2004 (n = 25 740) to 2015 (n = 19 855). The prevalence and number of cigarette advertisements and the prevalence of cigarette price-reducing promotions decreased significantly over time. Compliance with posting required age-of-sale signs increased significantly from 2004 to 2015 and from 2014 to 2015. Compliance with the ban on self-service tobacco displays was consistently near 100%.
The tobacco retail environment in New York State improved substantially from 2004 to 2015. The implications of these findings for youth and adult smoking and the associated social costs are unknown; however, decreases in pro-tobacco marketing, decreases in the number of LTRs, and improvements in compliance are likely to have positive impacts on youth and adult smoking outcomes, such as reduced initiation and increased cessation, given previous research findings.
描述2004年至2015年纽约州有执照的烟草零售商（LTR）的情况、香烟广告、降价促销活动以及烟草控制政策的遵守情况，并讨论从11年LTR调查经验中得出的启示和教训。
2004年至2015年，专业数据收集人员对纽约州LTR的横断面分层随机样本进行年度烟草广告调查。2013年的数据不可用，因为该年未进行实地调查。
纽约州。
有执照的烟草零售商，即纽约州获得销售烟草许可的商店。每年对所有LTR的3.6%（n = 800）至19.7%（n = 3945）进行抽样。
记录香烟广告的存在情况和数量、降价促销活动的存在情况、法定销售年龄标识的张贴情况以及自助烟草展示的情况。
我们测试了2014年和2015年之间的显著差异以及总体和按店铺类型的显著趋势。对于二元结果，我们使用逻辑回归；对于计数变量，我们使用泊松回归。
纽约州LTR的数量从2004年的25740家（n = 25740）下降到2015年的19855家（n = 19855），下降了22.9%。随着时间的推移，香烟广告的流行率和数量以及香烟降价促销活动的流行率显著下降。2004年至2015年以及2014年至2015年，法定销售年龄标识的张贴合规率显著提高。自助烟草展示禁令的遵守率一直接近100%。
2004年至2015年，纽约州的烟草零售环境有了显著改善。这些发现对青少年和成年人吸烟以及相关社会成本的影响尚不清楚；然而，鉴于先前的研究结果，烟草营销的减少、LTR数量的减少以及合规性的提高可能会对青少年和成年人的吸烟结果产生积极影响，如减少开始吸烟率和增加戒烟率。
