Begay Cynthia, Soto Claradina, Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes, Barahona Rosa, Rodriguez Yaneth L, Unger Jennifer B, Smiley Sabrina L
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Health Promot Pract. 2020 Jan;21(1_suppl):18S-26S. doi: 10.1177/1524839919883254.
Retail settings are major channels for the tobacco industry to market commercial tobacco products. However, few studies have examined marketing strategies on Tribal lands. The resulting evidence is important, especially given that American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth and adults have the highest smoking prevalence of any racial/ethnic group in the United States. In this study, we examined cigarette, e-cigarette, and vape/vaporizer availability, advertising, and price-reducing promotions in retail settings on and within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands in California. . Trained AI/AN community health representatives (n = 8) conducted store observations (n = 96) using a checklist adapted from the Standardized Tobacco Assessment for Retail Settings observation tool. Chi-square analyses were performed to look for potential differences in availability, exterior advertising, and price promotions for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and vapes between stores. . All stores sold cigarettes and over 95% sold menthol cigarettes. Nearly 25% of stores on Tribal lands were located inside a casino, and 40.4% of stores on Tribal lands offered a Tribal member discount. Stores within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands sold significantly (p < .01) more e-cigarettes (69.8%), including flavored e-cigarettes (53.4%), compared to stores on Tribal lands (37.7% and 28.3%, respectively). Price promotions for cigarettes were significantly (p < .01) more common in stores located within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands (46.5%) than stores on Tribal lands (22.6%). . To our knowledge, this study is the first to use store observations to examine cigarette and e-cigarette availability, advertising, and price promotions in retail settings on and near California Tribal lands. We recommend future studies build on our initial efforts to take an AI/AN Tribal community-engaged approach in assessing and documenting tobacco marketing practices on and near Tribal lands. Tribal governments can consider tobacco policies to help reduce smoking disparities and advance health equity for their communities.
零售场所是烟草行业营销商业烟草产品的主要渠道。然而，很少有研究考察部落土地上的营销策略。鉴于美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民（AI/AN）青年和成年人的吸烟率在美国所有种族/族裔群体中最高，由此得出的证据很重要。在本研究中，我们调查了加利福尼亚部落土地及其周边1英里范围内零售场所的香烟、电子烟和 vape/蒸发器的供应情况、广告以及降价促销活动。经过培训的AI/AN社区健康代表（n = 8）使用从零售场所标准化烟草评估观察工具改编而来的清单进行了商店观察（n = 96）。进行卡方分析以寻找商店之间香烟、电子烟和 vape在供应情况、外部广告和价格促销方面的潜在差异。所有商店都销售香烟，超过95%的商店销售薄荷醇香烟。部落土地上近25%的商店位于赌场内部，部落土地上40.4%的商店为部落成员提供折扣。与部落土地上的商店（分别为37.7%和28.3%）相比，部落土地周边1英里范围内的商店销售的电子烟显著更多（69.8%），包括调味电子烟（53.4%）。部落土地周边1英里范围内的商店（46.5%）的香烟价格促销比部落土地上的商店（22.6%）显著更普遍（p <.01）。据我们所知，本研究是首次利用商店观察来调查加利福尼亚部落土地及其附近零售场所的香烟和电子烟供应情况、广告以及价格促销活动。我们建议未来的研究在我们初步努力的基础上，采用AI/AN部落社区参与的方法来评估和记录部落土地及其附近的烟草营销做法。部落政府可以考虑制定烟草政策，以帮助减少吸烟差距并促进其社区的健康公平。
