RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Drs Kim and Farrelly and Messrs Loomis and Busey); and New York State Department of Health, Albany (Drs Juster and Willett). Mr Busey is now with the Department of Economics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr Willett is now with the Kansas Health Foundation, Wichita.
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2013 Nov-Dec;19(6):E1-9. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3182980c47.
Exposure to retail tobacco marketing is associated with youth smoking, but most studies have relied on self-reported measures of exposure, which are prone to recall bias.
To examine whether exposure to retail cigarette advertising, promotions, and retailer compliance is associated with youth smoking-related outcomes using observational estimates of exposure.
Data on retail cigarette advertising and promotions were collected from a representative sample of licensed tobacco retailers in New York annually since 2004. County-level estimates of retail cigarette advertising and promotions and retailer compliance with youth access laws were calculated and linked to the New York Youth Tobacco Survey, administered to 54,671 middle and high school students in 2004, 2006, and 2008. Regression models examined whether cigarette advertising, promotions, and retailer compliance were associated with youth's awareness of retail cigarette advertising, attitudes about smoking, susceptibility to smoking, cigarette purchasing behaviors, and smoking behaviors.
Living in counties with more retail cigarette advertisements is associated with youth having positive attitudes about smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.19, P < .01). Living in counties with more retail cigarette promotions is associated with youth current smoking (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.01-2.44, P < .05). Living in counties with higher retailer compliance with youth access laws is associated with higher odds of youth being refused cigarettes when attempting to buy in stores (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01-1.25, P < .05) and lower odds of retail stores being youth's usual source of cigarettes (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80-0.97, P < .01).
Strong retailer compliance programs and policies that eliminate cigarette advertising and promotions may help reduce youth smoking.
接触零售烟草营销与青少年吸烟有关，但大多数研究都依赖于对暴露情况的自我报告测量，而这些测量容易受到回忆偏差的影响。
使用对暴露情况的观察性估计来检验接触零售卷烟广告、促销和零售商合规性是否与青少年吸烟相关结果有关。
自 2004 年以来，每年从纽约有执照的烟草零售商中抽取有代表性的样本收集关于零售卷烟广告和促销的数据。计算并链接了县级零售卷烟广告和促销以及零售商遵守青少年获取法的情况，以了解 2004 年、2006 年和 2008 年向 54671 名中学生和高中生进行的纽约青少年烟草调查。回归模型检验了卷烟广告、促销和零售商合规性是否与青少年对零售卷烟广告的认知、对吸烟的态度、吸烟易感性、卷烟购买行为和吸烟行为有关。
居住在有更多零售卷烟广告的县的青少年对吸烟有更积极的态度（比值比 [OR] = 1.10，95%置信区间 [CI] = 1.03-1.19，P <.01）。居住在有更多零售卷烟促销的县的青少年目前吸烟（OR = 1.57，95% CI = 1.01-2.44，P <.05）。零售商遵守青少年准入法的情况较高的县，青少年在商店购买香烟时被拒绝的可能性较高（OR = 1.12，95% CI = 1.01-1.25，P <.05），而青少年购买香烟的零售店通常来源的可能性较低（OR = 0.88，95% CI = 0.80-0.97，P <.01）。
强有力的零售商合规计划和消除卷烟广告和促销的政策可能有助于减少青少年吸烟。
