Irving Elizabeth L, Machan Carolyn M, Lam Sharon, Hrynchak Patricia K, Lillakas Linda
University of Waterloo, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Canada.
University of Waterloo, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Canada.
J Optom. 2019 Jan-Mar;12(1):55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.02.002. Epub 2018 Mar 19.
To investigate mean ocular refraction (MOR) and astigmatism, over the human age range and compare severity of refractive error to earlier studies from clinical populations having large age ranges.
For this descriptive study patient age, refractive error and history of surgery affecting refraction were abstracted from the Waterloo Eye Study database (WatES). Average MOR, standard deviation of MOR and astigmatism were assessed in relation to age. Refractive distributions for developmental age groups were determined. MOR standard deviation relative to average MOR was evaluated. Data from earlier clinically based studies with similar age ranges were compared to WatES.
Right eye refractive errors were available for 5933 patients with no history of surgery affecting refraction. Average MOR varied with age. Children <1 yr of age were the most hyperopic (+1.79D) and the highest magnitude of myopia was found at 27yrs (-2.86D). MOR distributions were leptokurtic, and negatively skewed. The mode varied with age group. MOR variability increased with increasing myopia. Average astigmatism increased gradually to age 60 after which it increased at a faster rate. By 85+ years it was 1.25D. J power vector became increasingly negative with age. J power vector values remained close to zero but variability increased at approximately 70 years. In relation to comparable earlier studies, WatES data were most myopic.
Mean ocular refraction and refractive error distribution vary with age. The highest magnitude of myopia is found in young adults. Similar to prevalence, the severity of myopia also appears to have increased since 1931.
研究人类年龄范围内的平均眼屈光（MOR）和散光，并将屈光不正的严重程度与先前针对年龄范围较大的临床人群的研究进行比较。
在这项描述性研究中，从滑铁卢眼研究数据库（WatES）中提取患者年龄、屈光不正以及影响屈光的手术史。评估平均MOR、MOR的标准差和散光与年龄的关系。确定发育年龄组的屈光分布。评估相对于平均MOR的MOR标准差。将先前年龄范围相似的基于临床研究的数据与WatES进行比较。
5933例无影响屈光手术史的患者有右眼屈光不正数据。平均MOR随年龄变化。1岁以下儿童远视程度最高（+1.79D），近视度数最高出现在27岁（-2.86D）。MOR分布呈尖峰态，且负偏态。众数随年龄组变化。MOR变异性随近视程度增加而增加。平均散光在60岁前逐渐增加，之后增加速度加快。到85岁及以上时为1.25D。J屈光力矢量随年龄增长越来越负。J屈光力矢量值保持接近零，但在约70岁时变异性增加。与先前可比研究相比，WatES数据近视程度最高。
平均眼屈光和屈光不正分布随年龄变化。近视度数最高出现在年轻人中。与患病率相似，自1931年以来近视的严重程度似乎也有所增加。
