Galdón Alba, Vila-Vidal Núria, El Gharbi Mariam, Vinuela-Navarro Valldeflors, Pérez-Corral Joan, Tomás Núria, Guisasola Laura
Visió Optometria i Salut, Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
Centre Universitari de la Visió, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
Children (Basel). 2024 Oct 9;11(10):1226. doi: 10.3390/children11101226.
(1) Background: Visual acuity (VA) is essential for children's quality of life, and its relationship with socioeconomic status (SES) highlights disparities in healthcare. This study investigated the influence of SES on changes in schoolchildren's VA over one year. (2) Methods: Initial examinations were conducted on 1822 children (8-10 years). Follow-up was performed on 804 of these children a year later. Uncorrected (UCVA) and presenting (PVA) distance VA were measured monocularly using a decimal Snellen chart. Very reduced UCVA (<0.5) was considered a proxy of myopia. (3) Results: The prevalence of initially very reduced UCVA (myopia) was similar in children with low and high SES (12.6% vs. 12.4%) (χ; = 0.153). After one year, the prevalence of very reduced UCVA increased to 14.1% in children with a low SES compared with 11.1% in children with a high SES ( = 0.001). Significant disparities related to SES were also found in PVA so that children with a low SES exhibited a greater reduction in PVA than children with a high SES (5.2% vs. 3.5%) (χ; = 0.004). (4) Conclusions: Children with a low SES showed an increase in reduced UCVA values over one year and a higher number of children with very reduced PVA compared with those with a high SES.
(1) 背景：视力对于儿童的生活质量至关重要，其与社会经济地位（SES）的关系凸显了医疗保健方面的差异。本研究调查了SES对学龄儿童一年内视力变化的影响。(2) 方法：对1822名儿童（8 - 10岁）进行了初始检查。一年后对其中804名儿童进行了随访。使用十进制斯内伦视力表单眼测量未矫正（UCVA）和就诊时（PVA）的远视力。UCVA极低（<0.5）被视为近视的一个指标。(3) 结果：SES低和高的儿童中，初始UCVA极低（近视）的患病率相似（12.6%对12.4%）（χ² = 0.153）。一年后，SES低的儿童中UCVA极低的患病率增至14.1%，而SES高的儿童中为11.1%（P = 0.001）。在PVA方面也发现了与SES相关的显著差异，即SES低的儿童PVA下降幅度大于SES高的儿童（5.2%对3.5%）（χ² = 0.004）。(4) 结论：与SES高的儿童相比，SES低的儿童在一年中UCVA降低值有所增加，且PVA极低的儿童数量更多。
