Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Memory and Cognition Clinic, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Nat Rev Neurol. 2018 May;14(5):259-271. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2018.23. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
The effects of neurodegenerative syndromes extend beyond cognitive function to involve key physiological processes, including eating and metabolism, autonomic nervous system function, sleep, and motor function. Changes in these physiological processes are present in several conditions, including frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and the parkinsonian plus conditions. Key neural structures that mediate physiological changes across these conditions include neuroendocrine and hypothalamic pathways, reward pathways, motor systems and the autonomic nervous system. In this Review, we highlight the key changes in physiological processing in neurodegenerative syndromes and the similarities in these changes between different progressive neurodegenerative brain conditions. The changes and similarities between disorders might provide novel insights into the human neural correlates of physiological functioning. Given the evidence that physiological changes can arise early in the neurodegenerative process, these changes could provide biomarkers to aid in the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and in treatment trials.
神经退行性综合征的影响不仅限于认知功能，还涉及关键的生理过程，包括饮食和新陈代谢、自主神经系统功能、睡眠和运动功能。这些生理过程的变化存在于多种疾病中，包括额颞叶痴呆、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森综合征等。介导这些疾病中生理变化的关键神经结构包括神经内分泌和下丘脑途径、奖励途径、运动系统和自主神经系统。在这篇综述中，我们强调了神经退行性综合征中生理处理的关键变化，以及不同进行性神经退行性脑疾病之间这些变化的相似性。这些疾病之间的变化和相似性可能为理解生理功能的人类神经相关性提供新的视角。鉴于生理变化可能在神经退行性过程的早期出现的证据，这些变化可以提供生物标志物，以帮助早期诊断神经退行性疾病，并在治疗试验中使用。
