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A Critical Analysis of the Scientific and Commercial Rationales for the Synthesis of Horsepox Virus.对马痘病毒合成的科学与商业原理的批判性分析
mSphere. 2018 Mar 7;3(2). doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00040-18. eCollection 2018 Mar-Apr.
2
The De Novo Synthesis of Horsepox Virus: Implications for Biosecurity and Recommendations for Preventing the Reemergence of Smallpox.马痘病毒的从头合成：对生物安全的影响和预防天花重现的建议。
Health Secur. 2017 Nov/Dec;15(6):620-628. doi: 10.1089/hs.2017.0061. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
3
Biosecurity Implications for the Synthesis of Horsepox, an Orthopoxvirus.合成马痘（正痘病毒属）的生物安保影响。
Health Secur. 2017 Nov/Dec;15(6):629-637. doi: 10.1089/hs.2017.0081. Epub 2017 Nov 1.
4
Equination (inoculation of horsepox): An early alternative to vaccination (inoculation of cowpox) and the potential role of horsepox virus in the origin of the smallpox vaccine.接种（马痘接种）：接种（牛痘接种）的早期替代方法，以及马痘病毒在天花疫苗起源中的潜在作用。
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A Holistic Assessment of the Risks and Benefits of the Synthesis of Horsepox Virus.马痘病毒合成风险与益处的全面评估。
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Re-assembly of nineteenth-century smallpox vaccine genomes reveals the contemporaneous use of horsepox and horsepox-related viruses in the USA.十九世纪天花疫苗基因组的重新组装揭示了美国同时使用了马痘和马痘相关病毒。
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Has horsepox become extinct?马痘灭绝了吗？
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Single Dose of Recombinant Chimeric Horsepox Virus (TNX-801) Vaccination Protects Macaques from Lethal Monkeypox Challenge.单次接种重组嵌合马痘病毒（TNX-801）疫苗可保护猕猴免受致命猴痘病毒挑战。
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Response to Brinkmann et al. "Re-assembly of 19th century smallpox vaccine genomes reveals the contemporaneous use of horsepox and horsepox-related viruses in the United States".回复 Brinkmann 等人：“19 世纪天花疫苗基因组的重新组装揭示了美国同时使用马痘和马痘相关病毒”。
Genome Biol. 2020 Dec 4;21(1):287. doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-02203-z.

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Efficient assembly of a large fragment of monkeypox virus genome as a qPCR template using dual-selection based transformation-associated recombination.利用基于双选择的转化相关重组，高效组装猴痘病毒基因组大片段作为 qPCR 模板。
Virol Sin. 2022 Jun;37(3):341-347. doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.02.009. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
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Virus Eradication and Synthetic Biology: Changes with SARS-CoV-2?病毒根除与合成生物学：与 SARS-CoV-2 有关的变化？
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Biosecurity risks associated with vaccine platform technologies.疫苗平台技术相关的生物安保风险。
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Horsepox and the need for a new norm, more transparency, and stronger oversight for experiments that pose pandemic risks.马痘以及对新规范、更高透明度和对具有大流行风险的实验进行更强有力监督的需求。
PLoS Pathog. 2018 Oct 4;14(10):e1007129. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007129. eCollection 2018 Oct.
6
Re-creation of Horsepox Virus.马痘病毒的再造。
mSphere. 2018 Mar 7;3(2). doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00079-18. eCollection 2018 Mar-Apr.

本文引用的文献

1
Construction of an infectious horsepox virus vaccine from chemically synthesized DNA fragments.由化学合成的DNA片段构建传染性马痘病毒疫苗。
PLoS One. 2018 Jan 19;13(1):e0188453. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188453. eCollection 2018.
2
Biosecurity Implications for the Synthesis of Horsepox, an Orthopoxvirus.合成马痘（正痘病毒属）的生物安保影响。
Health Secur. 2017 Nov/Dec;15(6):629-637. doi: 10.1089/hs.2017.0081. Epub 2017 Nov 1.
3
An Early American Smallpox Vaccine Based on Horsepox.一种基于马痘的早期美国天花疫苗。
N Engl J Med. 2017 Oct 12;377(15):1491-1492. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1707600.
4
The De Novo Synthesis of Horsepox Virus: Implications for Biosecurity and Recommendations for Preventing the Reemergence of Smallpox.马痘病毒的从头合成：对生物安全的影响和预防天花重现的建议。
Health Secur. 2017 Nov/Dec;15(6):620-628. doi: 10.1089/hs.2017.0061. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
5
Revisiting Jenner's mysteries, the role of the Beaugency lymph in the evolutionary path of ancient smallpox vaccines.重新审视詹纳的谜团，博让西淋巴结在古代天花疫苗进化路径中的作用。
Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Feb;18(2):e55-e63. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30445-0. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
6
Federal Funding for Health Security in FY2018.2018 财年的卫生安全联邦资金
Health Secur. 2017 Jul/Aug;15(4):351-372. doi: 10.1089/hs.2017.0047. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
7
Classification of Cowpox Viruses into Several Distinct Clades and Identification of a Novel Lineage.牛痘病毒分类为几个不同的进化枝及一个新谱系的鉴定。
Viruses. 2017 Jun 10;9(6):142. doi: 10.3390/v9060142.
8
Data Check: Federal share of basic research hits new low.数据核查：联邦政府在基础研究中的份额降至新低。
Science. 2017 Mar 10;355(6329):1005. doi: 10.1126/science.355.6329.1005.
9
Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 2-3 December 2015.全球疫苗安全咨询委员会，2015年12月2 - 3日。
Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2016 Jan 22;91(3):21-31.
10
Genomic Analysis, Phenotype, and Virulence of the Historical Brazilian Smallpox Vaccine Strain IOC: Implications for the Origins and Evolutionary Relationships of Vaccinia Virus.巴西历史上的天花疫苗株IOC的基因组分析、表型及毒力：对痘苗病毒起源和进化关系的启示
J Virol. 2015 Dec;89(23):11909-25. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01833-15. Epub 2015 Sep 16.

对马痘病毒合成的科学与商业原理的批判性分析

A Critical Analysis of the Scientific and Commercial Rationales for the Synthesis of Horsepox Virus.

作者信息

Koblentz Gregory D

机构信息

Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia, USA.

出版信息

mSphere. 2018 Mar 7;3(2). doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00040-18. eCollection 2018 Mar-Apr.

DOI:10.1128/mSphere.00040-18
PMID:29569633
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5853483/
Abstract

This article evaluates the scientific and commercial rationales for the synthesis of horsepox virus. I find that the claimed benefits of using horsepox virus as a smallpox vaccine rest on a weak scientific foundation and an even weaker business case that this project will lead to a licensed medical countermeasure. The combination of questionable benefits and known risks of this dual use research raises serious questions about the wisdom of undertaking research that could be used to recreate variola virus. This analysis also raises important questions about the propriety of a private company sponsoring such dual use research without appropriate oversight and highlights an important gap in United States dual use research regulations.

摘要

本文评估了合成马痘病毒的科学和商业依据。我发现，将马痘病毒用作天花疫苗所宣称的益处建立在薄弱的科学基础之上，而该项目将产生一种获批医疗对策的商业理由则更为薄弱。这种两用研究的可疑益处与已知风险相结合，引发了对于开展可能被用于重现天花病毒的研究是否明智的严重质疑。该分析还对一家私营公司在缺乏适当监督的情况下赞助此类两用研究的正当性提出了重要问题，并凸显了美国两用研究监管中的一个重要漏洞。