非营养性甜味剂在体重管理和慢性病中的作用：综述。
Nonnutritive Sweeteners in Weight Management and Chronic Disease: A Review.
机构信息
Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
出版信息
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018 Apr;26(4):635-640. doi: 10.1002/oby.22139.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this review was to critically review findings from recent studies evaluating the effects of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on metabolism, weight, and obesity-related chronic diseases. Biologic mechanisms that may explain NNS effects will also be addressed.
METHODS
A comprehensive review of the relevant scientific literature was conducted.
RESULTS
Most cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies report positive associations between NNS consumption, body weight, and health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Although findings in cellular and rodent models suggest that NNSs have harmful effects on metabolic health, most randomized controlled trials in humans demonstrate marginal benefits of NNS use on body weight, with little data available on other metabolic outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
NNS consumption is associated with higher body weight and metabolic disease in observational studies. In contrast, randomized controlled trials demonstrate that NNSs may support weight loss, particularly when used alongside behavioral weight loss support. Additional long-term, well-controlled intervention studies in humans are needed to determine the effects of NNSs on weight, adiposity, and chronic disease under free-living conditions.
目的
本次综述的目的是批判性地评估近期研究中关于非营养性甜味剂（NNS）对代谢、体重和肥胖相关慢性疾病影响的研究结果。还将探讨可能解释 NNS 作用的生物学机制。
方法
对相关科学文献进行了全面综述。
结果
大多数横断面和前瞻性队列研究报告称，NNS 消费与体重和健康状况（包括 2 型糖尿病、心血管疾病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病）之间存在正相关关系。尽管细胞和啮齿动物模型中的研究结果表明 NNS 对代谢健康有不良影响，但大多数人体随机对照试验表明 NNS 使用对体重有轻微益处，关于其他代谢结果的数据有限。
结论
观察性研究表明，NNS 消费与更高的体重和代谢疾病有关。相比之下，随机对照试验表明，NNS 可能有助于减肥，尤其是在与行为减肥支持相结合使用时。需要开展更多的、长期的、良好对照的人类干预研究，以确定 NNS 在自由生活条件下对体重、肥胖和慢性疾病的影响。
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