多发性硬化症视神经炎患者视觉加工不对称的识别和治疗：普尔弗里希现象。

Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.

Partner's Neurology Residency Training Program, Massachusettes General & Brigham & Women's Hospitals, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.

J Neurol Sci. 2018 Apr 15;387:60-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.01.029. Epub 2018 Feb 3.

BACKGROUND

The Pulfrich phenomenon (PF) is the illusory perception that an object moving linearly along a 2-D plane appears to instead follow an elliptical 3-D trajectory, a consequence of inter-eye asymmetry in the timing of visual object identification in the visual cortex; with optic neuritis as a common etiology.

OBJECTIVE

We have designed an objective method to identify the presence and magnitude of the PF, in conjunction with a cooresponding strategy by which to abolish the effect; with monocular application of neutral density filters to the less affected fellow eye, in patients with MS and a history of optic neuropathy (e.g. related to acute optic neuritis or subclinical optic neuropathy).

METHODS

Twenty-three MS patients with a history of acute unilateral or bilateral optic neuritis, and ten healthy control subjects (HC) were recruited to participate in a pilot study to assess our strategy. Subjects were asked to indicate whether a linearly moving pendulum ball followed a linear 2-D path versus an illusory 3-D elliptical object-motion trajectory, by reporting the ball's approximation to one of nine horizontally-oriented colored wires that were positioned parallel to one another and horizontal to the linear pendulum path. Perceived motion of the bob that moved along wires behind or in front (along the 'Z' plane) of the middle reference wire indicated an illusory elliptical trajectory of ball motion consistent with the PF.

RESULTS

When the neutral density filter titration was applied to the fellow eye the severity of the PF decreased, eventually being fully abolished in all but one patient. The magnitude of neutral density filtering required correlated to the severity of the patient's initial PF magnitude (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

We ascertained the magnitude of the visual illusion associated with the PF, and the corresponding magnitude of neutral density filtering necessary to abolish it.

背景

普尔弗里希现象（PF）是一种错觉，即线性移动的物体在二维平面上似乎沿椭圆的三维轨迹移动，这是由于视觉皮层中双眼在视觉对象识别时间上的不对称所致；视神经炎是常见病因。

目的

我们设计了一种客观方法来识别 PF 的存在和程度，同时设计了一种相应的策略来消除其影响；通过对单侧或双侧视神经炎病史的 MS 患者的未受影响的对侧眼应用单眼中性密度滤光片。

方法

23 例有单侧或双侧急性视神经炎病史的 MS 患者和 10 名健康对照者（HC）被招募参与一项初步研究，以评估我们的策略。要求患者通过报告球接近彼此平行且与线性摆锤路径平行的 9 根水平取向彩色线中的一根，来指示线性移动的摆锤球是遵循线性二维路径还是虚幻的三维椭圆形物体运动轨迹。球在中间参考线后面或前面（沿“Z”平面）的线上移动，感知到的运动表示球运动的虚幻椭圆轨迹符合 PF。