San Antonio J D, Winston B M, Tuan R S
Dev Biol. 1987 Sep;123(1):17-24. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(87)90422-2.
To test the possible involvement of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in chondrogenesis, we have studied the effect of their major glycosaminoglycan (GAG) component, heparan sulfate, and other structurally related GAGs on chondrogenesis in micromass cultures of chick limb bud mesenchyme (Hamburger-Hamilton stages 23/24). Heparan sulfate and several of its analogs (heparin, dermatan sulfate, and dextran sulfate) were found to significantly stimulate cartilage nodule formation; in addition, heparan sulfate and heparin also promoted nodule growth. Chondroitin sulfate did not stimulate chondrogenesis. The activity of the GAGs was dependent on their dose, molecular size, charge, and chemical structure. Similar effects were also observed in micromass cultures derived from stage 25 embryonic wing-tip subridge mesoderm, an enriched population of chondroprogenitor cells. The time of action of the GAGs during culture suggested their involvement in post-cell aggregation events of chondrogenesis, such as the initial expression of the chondrocyte phenotype or the growth of cartilage nodules.
为了测试硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖在软骨形成过程中可能的作用，我们研究了其主要糖胺聚糖（GAG）成分硫酸乙酰肝素以及其他结构相关的GAG对鸡胚肢芽间充质（汉伯格-汉密尔顿23/24期）微团培养中软骨形成的影响。结果发现硫酸乙酰肝素及其几种类似物（肝素、硫酸皮肤素和硫酸葡聚糖）能显著刺激软骨结节形成；此外，硫酸乙酰肝素和肝素还能促进结节生长。硫酸软骨素则不能刺激软骨形成。GAG的活性取决于其剂量、分子大小、电荷和化学结构。在源自25期胚胎翼尖亚嵴中胚层（一种富含软骨前体细胞的群体）的微团培养中也观察到了类似的效果。GAG在培养过程中的作用时间表明它们参与了软骨形成的细胞聚集后事件，如软骨细胞表型的初始表达或软骨结节的生长。
