Wu Chao, Dou Shi-Xue, Yu Yan
Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
Small. 2018 May;14(22):e1703671. doi: 10.1002/smll.201703671. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have huge potential for applications in large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost and abundant sources. It is essential to develop new electrode materials for SIBs with high performance in terms of energy density, cycle life, and cost. Metal binary compounds that operate through conversion reactions hold promise as advanced anode materials for sodium storage. This Review highlights the storage mechanisms and advantages of conversion-type anode materials and summarizes their recent development. Although conversion-type anode materials have high theoretical capacities and abundant varieties, they suffer from multiple challenging obstacles to realize commercial applications, such as low reversible capacity, large voltage hysteresis, low initial coulombic efficiency, large volume changes, and low cycling stability. These key challenges are analyzed in this Review, together with emerging strategies to overcome them, including nanostructure and surface engineering, electrolyte optimization, and battery configuration designs. This Review provides pertinent insights into the prospects and challenges for conversion-type anode materials, and will inspire their further study.
钠离子电池（SIBs）因其低成本和丰富的资源，在大规模储能系统中具有巨大的应用潜力。开发在能量密度、循环寿命和成本方面具有高性能的新型钠离子电池电极材料至关重要。通过转化反应工作的金属二元化合物有望成为先进的储钠负极材料。本综述重点介绍了转化型负极材料的存储机制和优势，并总结了它们的最新进展。尽管转化型负极材料具有高理论容量和丰富的种类，但它们在实现商业应用方面面临多重挑战障碍，如可逆容量低、电压滞后大、初始库仑效率低、体积变化大以及循环稳定性低。本综述分析了这些关键挑战以及克服它们的新兴策略，包括纳米结构和表面工程、电解质优化以及电池配置设计。本综述为转化型负极材料的前景和挑战提供了相关见解，并将激发对其进一步的研究。
