Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 Oct;93:108-122. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.019. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
The present meta-analytic study examined brain activation changes following working memory (WM) training, a form of cognitive training that has attracted considerable interest. Comparisons with perceptual-motor (PM) learning revealed that WM training engages domain-general large-scale networks for learning encompassing the dorsal attention and salience networks, sensory areas, and striatum. Also the dynamics of the training-induced brain activation changes within these networks showed a high overlap between WM and PM training. The distinguishing feature for WM training was the consistent modulation of the dorso- and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC/VLPFC) activity. The strongest candidate for mediating transfer to similar untrained WM tasks was the frontostriatal system, showing higher striatal and VLPFC activations, and lower DLPFC activations after training. Modulation of transfer-related areas occurred mostly with longer training periods. Overall, our findings place WM training effects into a general perception-action cycle, where some modulations may depend on the specific cognitive demands of a training task.
本荟萃分析研究考察了工作记忆（WM）训练后的大脑激活变化，WM 训练是一种引起广泛关注的认知训练形式。与知觉运动（PM）学习的比较表明，WM 训练涉及用于学习的领域一般性大规模网络，包括背侧注意和突显网络、感觉区域和纹状体。此外，这些网络中训练诱导的大脑激活变化的动态在 WM 和 PM 训练之间表现出高度重叠。WM 训练的区别特征是背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC/VLPFC）活动的一致调节。介导向类似未经训练的 WM 任务转移的最强候选者是额纹状体系统，其表现为训练后纹状体和 VLPFC 的激活增加，而 DLPFC 的激活减少。转移相关区域的调节主要发生在较长的训练期内。总的来说，我们的发现将 WM 训练效果置于一般的感知-动作循环中，其中一些调节可能取决于训练任务的特定认知要求。
