IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy.
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia, Italy.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2023 Jun 15;44(9):3795-3814. doi: 10.1002/hbm.26312. Epub 2023 Apr 17.
While mounting evidence shows promising effects of brain training on cognitive functioning in healthy and pathological conditions, the spread of variable training approaches highlights the need to compare their efficacy and identify their neural correlates, representing possible targets for neuromodulation treatments. We performed coordinate-based functional magnetic resonance imaging meta-analyses to compare the neural correlates and the cognitive outcomes of cognitive (n = 22), physical (n = 22), and meditative (n = 20) training in healthy non-expert individuals. Pre/post-training cognitive metrics improved after cognitive and physical training, but their heterogeneity, or even the lack of these measurements in some studies, highlights the need of more structured protocols. Cognitive, physical, and meditative interventions increased brain activity in distinct fronto-medial areas likely mediating training effects on cognitive, action, and attentional control, respectively. The modular, training-specific, engagement of a region that is known to mediate feedback-based learning provides cues for boosting brain training via combined interventions that might jointly outperform their individual effects.
虽然越来越多的证据表明大脑训练对健康和病理条件下的认知功能有积极影响，但不同训练方法的广泛应用凸显了比较它们的效果并确定其神经相关性的必要性，这些相关性可能是神经调节治疗的潜在靶点。我们进行了基于坐标的功能磁共振成像元分析，以比较健康非专业个体中认知（n=22）、身体（n=22）和冥想（n=20）训练的神经相关性和认知结果。认知和身体训练后，认知和身体训练后的认知指标都有所提高，但它们的异质性，甚至在一些研究中缺乏这些测量结果，突出了需要更具结构性的方案。认知、身体和冥想干预增加了额叶内侧区域的大脑活动，这些区域可能分别介导训练对认知、动作和注意力控制的影响。已知该区域介导基于反馈的学习，其具有模块性、训练特异性的参与，为通过联合干预来增强大脑训练提供了线索，这些联合干预可能会共同优于其单独的效果。
