Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Department of Physiology and The Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
Environ Res. 2018 Jul;164:452-458. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.007. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
The production and application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are increasing in demand with the rapid development of nanotechnology. However, there are concerns that some of these novel materials could lead to emerging environmental and health problems. Some NPs are able to facilitate the transport of contaminants into cells/organisms via a "Trojan Horse" effect which enhances the toxicity of the adsorbed materials. In this work, we evaluated the toxicity of arsenite (As(III)) adsorbed onto cerium dioxide (CeO) NPs to human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) using the xCELLigence real time cell analyzing system (RTCA). Application of 0.5 mg/L As(III) resulted in 81.3% reduction of cell index (CI, an RTCA measure of cell toxicity) over 48 h when compared to control cells exposed to medium lacking As(III). However, when the cells were exposed to 0.5 mg/L As(III) in the presence of CeO NPs (250 mg/L), the CI was only reduced by 12.9% compared to the control. The CeO NPs had a high capacity for As(III) adsorption (20.2 mg/g CeO) in the bioassay medium, effectively reducing dissolved As(III) in the aqueous solution and resulting in reduced toxicity. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the transport of CeO NPs into 16HBE14o- cells. NP uptake via engulfment was observed and the internalized NPs accumulated in vesicles. The results demonstrate that dissolved As(III) in the aqueous solution was the decisive factor controlling As(III) toxicity of 16HBE14o- cells, and that CeO NPs effectively reduced available As(III) through adsorption. These data emphasize the evaluation of mixtures when assaying toxicity.
随着纳米技术的快速发展，工程纳米粒子（NPs）的生产和应用需求不断增加。然而，人们担心其中一些新型材料可能会导致新出现的环境和健康问题。一些 NPs 能够通过“特洛伊木马”效应促进污染物进入细胞/生物体的运输，从而增强吸附材料的毒性。在这项工作中，我们使用实时细胞分析系统（RTCA）评估了吸附在二氧化铈（CeO）NPs 上的亚砷酸盐（As（III））对人支气管上皮细胞（16HBE14o-）的毒性。与暴露于不含 As（III）的培养基的对照细胞相比，当细胞暴露于 0.5mg/L As（III）时，细胞指数（CI，RTCA 测量细胞毒性的指标）在 48 小时内降低了 81.3%。然而，当细胞在 250mg/L CeO NPs 的存在下暴露于 0.5mg/L As（III）时，CI 仅比对照降低了 12.9%。CeO NPs 在生物测定培养基中对 As（III）具有高吸附能力（20.2mg/g CeO），有效降低了水溶液中的溶解 As（III），从而降低了毒性。透射电子显微镜用于研究 CeO NPs 进入 16HBE14o-细胞的运输。观察到通过吞噬作用摄取 NP，并且内化的 NPs 积聚在囊泡中。结果表明，水溶液中溶解的 As（III）是控制 16HBE14o-细胞 As（III）毒性的决定性因素，CeO NPs 通过吸附有效降低了可用的 As（III）。这些数据强调了在测定毒性时评估混合物的重要性。
