Kolarzyk Emilia, Skop-Lewandowska Agata, Jaworska Jagoda, Ostachowska-Gąsior Agnieszka, Krzeszowska-Rosiek Teresa
Jagiellonian University Medical College Hygiene and Dietetics Dept.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2018 Mar 14;25(1):131-136. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1233574. Epub 2017 May 11.
Some literature data indicate that the proper intake of exogenic antioxidants from food and the proper intake of fats can offer significant protection against coronary heart disease.
The estimation of total antioxidant capacity of food intake on the basis of Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI), together with an assessment of the contribution of particular food products in DAI, and the evaluation of consumption of all dietary fats and frequency of consumption of products that are a source of fats among elderly people in Krakow, Poland.
143 persons (73 women and 70 men) aged 65-80 were studied. None of them was under specialist medical control, including cardiological control. DAI was investigated on the basis of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) which included 145 food items. DAI was measured using the method by Benzi and expressed as FRAP (the ability to reduce Fe to Fe, measured in mMol/l). The daily intake of fats was estimated using the 24-h nutritional recall. The frequency of fats consumption was estimated with the usage of FFQ. For statistical analysis, χ2 test was used.
The mean value of DAI of all studied persons was 34.27 + 11.72 mMol/l. The largest percentage of those studied had FRAP values in the range 25-35 mMol/l. The highest contribution in the total DAI value was found in fruit (36.2%), grains and cereal-based products (23.6%), and beverages (24.0%). The consumption of vegetables was on the fourth position (7.1%). The contribution of the remaining food products was low. The consumption of total fats (about 70g/24h) and saturated fatty acids (14% of energetic value) exceeded the recommendations. The participation of mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diets was not in accordance with recommendations. The most frequently consumed fats were animal fats (sausages, butter) and cakes, but the consumption of vegetable oils, fish, nuts and seeds of oil plants was too low.
The majority of elderly people made mistakes in their nutrition. The enrichment in natural antioxidants of the diets of elderly people and the normalization of their fats consumption should become an important element of primary and secondary prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases.
一些文献数据表明，从食物中适当摄入外源性抗氧化剂以及适当摄入脂肪可以为预防冠心病提供显著保护。
基于膳食抗氧化指数（DAI）评估食物摄入的总抗氧化能力，同时评估特定食品在DAI中的贡献，并评估波兰克拉科夫老年人所有膳食脂肪的摄入量以及含脂肪食品的消费频率。
对143名年龄在65 - 80岁之间的人（73名女性和70名男性）进行了研究。他们均未接受专科医疗控制，包括心脏科控制。基于包含145种食物的食物频率问卷（FFQ）对DAI进行调查。DAI采用本齐的方法测量，并表示为FRAP（将Fe还原为Fe的能力，以毫摩尔/升为单位测量）。使用24小时营养回顾法估计脂肪的每日摄入量。通过使用FFQ估计脂肪的消费频率。采用χ²检验进行统计分析。
所有研究对象的DAI平均值为34.27 + 11.72毫摩尔/升。大多数研究对象的FRAP值在25 - 35毫摩尔/升范围内。水果（36.2%）、谷物及谷物制品（23.6%）和饮料（24.0%）在总DAI值中的贡献最高。蔬菜的消费量位居第四（7.1%）。其余食品的贡献较低。总脂肪（约70克/24小时）和饱和脂肪酸（能量值的14%）的摄入量超过了推荐值。单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸在饮食中的占比不符合推荐标准。最常食用的脂肪是动物脂肪（香肠、黄油）和蛋糕，但植物油、鱼类、坚果和油籽的消费量过低。
大多数老年人在营养方面存在误区。丰富老年人饮食中的天然抗氧化剂并使其脂肪消费正常化应成为心血管疾病一级和二级预防的重要内容。
