Wong Keri K, Raine Adrian
1Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Cambridge, Cambridgeshire UK.
Curr Behav Neurosci Rep. 2018;5(1):94-101. doi: 10.1007/s40473-018-0144-y. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
This review identifies the early developmental processes that contribute to schizotypy and suspiciousness in adolescence and adulthood. It includes the most recent literature on these phenomena in childhood.
The early developmental processes that affect schizotypy and paranoia in later life are complex. In contrast to existing studies of psychiatric patients and clinical/nonclinical adult populations, the study of schizotypy and suspiciousness in young children and adolescents is possible due to new child-appropriate dimensional assessments. New assessments and the advancement of technology (e.g., virtual reality in mental health) as well as statistical modeling (e.g., mediation and latent-class analyses) in large data have helped identified the developmental aspects (e.g., psychosocial, neurocognitive and brain factors, nutrition, and childhood correlates) that predict schizotypy and suspiciousness in later life.
Prospective longitudinal designs in community youths can enhance our understanding of the etiology of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and, in the future, the development of preventive interventions by extending adult theories and interventions to younger populations.
本综述确定了导致青少年期和成年期精神分裂症样人格特质及多疑的早期发育过程。其中包括关于儿童期这些现象的最新文献。
影响后期生活中精神分裂症样人格特质和偏执的早期发育过程很复杂。与现有针对精神病患者以及临床/非临床成年人群体的研究不同，由于新的适合儿童的维度评估方法，现在有可能对幼儿和青少年的精神分裂症样人格特质及多疑进行研究。新的评估方法、技术进步（如心理健康领域的虚拟现实）以及大数据中的统计建模（如中介分析和潜在类别分析）有助于确定预测后期生活中精神分裂症样人格特质及多疑的发育方面因素（如心理社会、神经认知和大脑因素、营养以及儿童期相关因素）。
社区青少年的前瞻性纵向设计可以通过将成人理论和干预措施扩展到更年轻人群，增进我们对精神分裂症谱系障碍病因的理解，并在未来促进预防性干预措施的发展。
