Lok James B
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
Curr Trop Med Rep. 2014 Dec;1(4):194-206. doi: 10.1007/s40475-014-0033-8. Epub 2014 Sep 25.
Human strongyloidiasis is a threat to global health, presenting significant challenges in diagnosis and clinical management. The imperative to incorporate strongyoidiasis more fully into control programs for soil-transmitted helminths is increasingly recognized. The unique life cycles of and congeneric species contain both free-living and parasitic generations, and transcriptomic methods have recently identified genes of potential importance to parasitism in these parasites. Proteomics recently revealed stage-specific secreted proteins that appear crucial to the host-parasite interaction. A comprehensive genome sequencing project for spp. is now nearing completion. Recent technical advances in transgenesis for and , including the first establishment of stable transgenic lines, promise to advance functional evaluations of genes expressed in conjunction with crucial life cycle events. Studies employing these methods recently bolstered the hypothesis that uses cellular signaling pathways homologous to three that regulate dauer larval development in to regulate morphogenesis and development of its infective third-stage larva. The free-living generation of makes classical genetics formally possible. Recent advances, such as a genetic map of and a molecular genetic and karyotypic analysis of sex determination in , will greatly facilitate this approach. Advanced methods for study of chemosensation in were recently applied to discover numerous host attractant molecules that mediate host finding and contact by infective third-stage larvae of spp. Finally, nucleic acid-based diagnostic methods have recently come to the fore as alternatives to parasitological and immunodiagnostic techniques.
人体类圆线虫病对全球健康构成威胁，在诊断和临床管理方面带来了重大挑战。人们越来越认识到将类圆线虫病更全面地纳入土壤传播蠕虫控制计划的必要性。类圆线虫及其同属物种独特的生命周期包含自由生活和寄生两个世代，转录组学方法最近在这些寄生虫中鉴定出了对寄生可能具有重要意义的基因。蛋白质组学最近揭示了阶段特异性分泌蛋白，这些蛋白似乎对宿主-寄生虫相互作用至关重要。一项针对类圆线虫属物种的全面基因组测序项目现已接近完成。类圆线虫和其他物种转基因技术的最新进展，包括首次建立稳定的转基因系，有望推进对与关键生命周期事件相关表达基因的功能评估。采用这些方法的研究最近支持了这样一种假说，即类圆线虫利用与调节秀丽隐杆线虫 dauer 幼虫发育的三条同源细胞信号通路来调节其感染性第三期幼虫的形态发生和发育。类圆线虫自由生活的世代使经典遗传学正式成为可能。最近的进展，如类圆线虫的遗传图谱以及对其性别决定的分子遗传和核型分析，将极大地促进这种方法。最近，用于研究类圆线虫化学感受的先进方法被应用于发现许多宿主引诱分子，这些分子介导类圆线虫属物种感染性第三期幼虫寻找宿主并与之接触。最后，基于核酸的诊断方法最近已成为寄生虫学和免疫诊断技术的替代方法。
