Mrgprs activation is required for chronic itch conditions in mice.

INTRODUCTION

Chronic itch has been drawing much attention due to its clinical significance and the complexity of its mechanisms. To facilitate the development of anti-itch strategies, it is necessary to investigate the key players in itch sensation under chronic itch conditions. Several members of the Mrgpr family were identified as itch receptors that detect cutaneous pruritogens in primary sensory neurons. However, the role of Mrgprs in chronic itch conditions has not been well described.

METHODS

Scratching behaviors of WT and mice were examined in dry skin model and contact dermatitis model to examine the role of genes in mediating chronic itch sensation. Scratching behaviors of the mice were also examined in allergic itch model. Real-time PCR were performed to examine the expression level of MrgprA3 and MrgprC11 under naïve and dry skin conditions. The MrgprA3 itch-sensing fibers were labeled by tdTomato fluorescence in mice, and the morphology and density of those fibers in the epidermis were analyzed under dry skin condition.

RESULTS

We showed that deleting a cluster of genes in mice reduced scratching behavior severely under two chronic itch conditions, namely dry skin and contact dermatitis, and the allergic itch condition. Moreover, the gene expressions of itch receptors MrgprA3 and MrgprC11 in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were upregulated significantly under dry skin condition. Consistently, the percentage of MrgprA3 itch-sensing neurons was increased as well. We also observed hyperinnervation of MrgprA3 itch-sensing fibers in the epidermis of the skin under dry skin condition.

DISCUSSION

We demonstrate that Mrgprs play important roles in mediating chronic itch and allergic itch. These findings enrich our knowledge of itch mechanism and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approach to combat itch.