Department of Orthopaedics, 4th Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Rheumatology and Immunology Division, 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018 Jul;26(7):864-871. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.03.004. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease. Body adipose tissue has been shown to be related to the development and progression of knee OA. Among systemic adipose tissues, subcutaneous adipose tissue is significantly and negatively associated with muscle mass and forces, and could be related to the presence and progression of knee OA. Visceral adipose tissue is associated with increased cartilage loss and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intra-muscular adipose tissue is associated with knee osteoarthritic changes, but it remains controversial if inter-muscular adipose tissue has a role to play in the pathogenesis for knee OA. Knee local adipose tissue such as infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) can interact with neighbouring tissues, and may have a biphasic effect in knee OA. The underlying mechanisms for the roles of the systemic and local fat in knee OA could be related to biomechanical, metabolic, inflammatory factors and fat fibrosis, which may have a separated or combined effect on OA. Tissue engineering from systemic or local adipose tissue is a new research direction, and adipose tissue-derived stem cells from systemic or local adipose tissue may be beneficial for OA cartilage repair. Research on systemic and local adipose tissue would provide novel approaches for prevention and treatment of knee OA, but further studies are required to explore the roles of different adipose tissues in knee OA and the effects of stem cells derived from different adipose tissues on knee OA.
膝骨关节炎（OA）是最常见的关节疾病。身体脂肪组织与膝 OA 的发生和进展有关。在全身脂肪组织中，皮下脂肪组织与肌肉质量和力量呈显著负相关，可能与膝 OA 的存在和进展有关。内脏脂肪组织与软骨丢失和促炎细胞因子的产生有关。肌内脂肪组织与膝骨关节炎的改变有关，但肌间脂肪组织在膝 OA 的发病机制中是否起作用仍存在争议。膝部局部脂肪组织，如髌下脂肪垫（IPFP），可以与邻近组织相互作用，在膝 OA 中可能具有双相作用。全身和局部脂肪在膝 OA 中的作用的潜在机制可能与生物力学、代谢、炎症因素和脂肪纤维化有关，这些因素可能对 OA 有单独或联合作用。从全身或局部脂肪组织进行组织工程是一个新的研究方向，来自全身或局部脂肪组织的脂肪组织源性干细胞可能有益于 OA 软骨修复。对全身和局部脂肪组织的研究将为预防和治疗膝 OA 提供新的方法，但需要进一步研究以探讨不同脂肪组织在膝 OA 中的作用以及来自不同脂肪组织的干细胞对膝 OA 的影响。
