Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018 Sep;26(9):1153-1161. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.03.007. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
Degeneration of articular cartilage (AC) tissue is the most common cause of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in bone and cartilage formation. This article reviews the experimental and clinical applications of BMPs in cartilage regeneration. Experimental evidence indicates that BMPs play an important role in protection against cartilage damage caused by inflammation or trauma, by binding to different receptor combinations and, consequently, activating different intracellular signaling pathways. Loss of function of BMP-related receptors contributes to the decreased intrinsic repair capacity of damaged cartilage and, thus, the multifunctional effects of BMPs make them attractive tools for the treatment of cartilage damage in patients with degenerative diseases. However, the development of BMP therapy as a treatment modality for cartilage regeneration has been hampered by certain factors, such as the eligibility of participants in clinical trials, financial support, drug delivery carrier safety, availabilities of effective scaffolds, appropriate selection of optimal dose and timing of administration, and side effects. Further research is needed to overcome these issues for future routine clinical applications. Research and development leading to the successful application of BMPs can initiate a new era in the treatment of cartilage degenerative diseases like OA.
关节软骨（AC）组织退变是骨关节炎（OA）和类风湿关节炎的最常见原因。骨形态发生蛋白（BMPs）在骨和软骨形成中起重要作用。本文综述了 BMPs 在软骨再生中的实验和临床应用。实验证据表明，BMP 通过与不同的受体组合结合，从而激活不同的细胞内信号通路，在防止炎症或创伤引起的软骨损伤方面发挥重要作用。BMP 相关受体功能丧失导致受损软骨内在修复能力下降，因此 BMP 的多功能作用使其成为治疗退行性疾病患者软骨损伤的有吸引力的工具。然而，BMP 治疗作为软骨再生的治疗方式的发展受到某些因素的阻碍，例如临床试验参与者的资格、资金支持、药物输送载体的安全性、有效支架的可用性、最佳剂量和给药时间的选择以及副作用。需要进一步的研究来克服这些问题，以便将来进行常规临床应用。成功应用 BMP 的研究和开发可以开创治疗 OA 等软骨退行性疾病的新时代。
