Gómez-Cabello Alba, Vila-Maldonado Sara, Pedrero-Chamizo Raquel, Villa-Vicente José Gerardo, Gusi Narcis, Espino Luis, González-Gross Marcela, Casajús José Antonio, Ara Ignacio
Centro Universitario de la Defensa. Zaragoza. España.
GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group. Universidad de Zaragoza. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2018 Mar 27;92:e201803013.
An adequate level of fitness is critical to achieving healthy ageing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of organized physical activity (PA) and the number of hours of practice on the fitness levels of the elderly.
A total of 3104 people over 65 years old from Spain, belonging to the EXERNET Multicenter Project (722 men and 2382 women, mean age: 72.1 ± 5.3 years) participated in the study. Fitness was evaluated by 8 specific tests for this population. Participation in organized PA was recorded through a questionnaire. Differences in fitness values depending on the participation in PA and the number of hours were measured with ANCOVA adjusting for age, hours of walking and sitting time.
Those who did not participate in this type of activity increased their risk of having a low level of fitness in most variables evaluated, with some differences between sexes (OR: from 1.6 to 2.6 in men and from 1.4 to 2.2 in women). In men, no significant differences were observed between practicing less than 2, 2-4 or more than 4 hours (P grater than 0,05), with an exception in the strength of the left arm. However, women who performed more than 2 hours a week in organized PA had better balance, strength of lower and upper extremities, flexibility of lower extremities, walking speed and aerobic capacity than those who performed less than 2 hours of PA a week (P less than 0,05).
The practice of organized PA produces a beneficial effect on the fitness of the elderly regardless of age, hours of walking and time sitting per day.
适当的体能水平对于实现健康老龄化至关重要。本研究的目的是评估有组织的体育活动（PA）及其练习时长对老年人体能水平的影响。
来自西班牙的3104名65岁以上人群参与了EXERNET多中心项目（722名男性和2382名女性，平均年龄：72.1±5.3岁）。通过针对该人群的8项特定测试评估体能。通过问卷调查记录参与有组织PA的情况。使用协方差分析（ANCOVA）测量根据PA参与情况和时长的体能值差异，并对年龄、步行时长和坐姿时间进行校正。
未参与此类活动的人群在大多数评估变量中出现体能水平较低的风险增加，男女之间存在一些差异（男性的比值比：1.6至2.6，女性为1.4至2.2）。在男性中，练习少于2小时、2 - 4小时或超过4小时之间未观察到显著差异（P大于0.05），但左臂力量除外。然而，每周进行超过2小时有组织PA的女性在平衡能力、下肢和上肢力量、下肢灵活性、步行速度和有氧能力方面比每周进行少于2小时PA的女性更好（P小于0.05）。
进行有组织的PA对老年人的体能产生有益影响，无论年龄、每日步行时长和坐姿时间如何。
