Henderson J M, Pollatsek A, Rayner K
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1987 Aug;13(3):449-63. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.13.3.449.
The results of three different experiments suggested that the relation between an object in the fovea on fixation n and an object subsequently brought into the fovea on fixation n + 1 affects the time to identify the second object. In Experiment 1 we extended previous work by demonstrating that a previously seen related priming object speeded the time to name a target object even when a saccade intervened between the two objects. In Experiment 2 we replicated this result and further showed that the benefit on naming time was due to facilitation from the related object rather than inhibition from the unrelated object. In addition, naming of the target object was much slower in both experiments when there was not a peripheral preview of the target object on fixation n. However, because the effect of the foveal priming object was greater when the target was not present than when it was present, priming did not appear to make extraction of the extrafoveal information more efficient. In Experiment 3, fixation times were recorded while subjects looked at four objects in order to identify them. Fixation time on an object was shorter when a related object was fixated immediately before it, even though the four objects did not form a scene. The size of the facilitation was roughly comparable to that in several analogous experiments where scenes were used. The results suggest that the effects of a predictive scene context on object identification may be explainable in terms of an object-to-object or "intralevel" priming mechanism.
三个不同实验的结果表明，注视点n处中央凹中的物体与随后在注视点n + 1处进入中央凹的物体之间的关系会影响识别第二个物体的时间。在实验1中，我们扩展了先前的研究，证明即使在两个物体之间有扫视介入，先前看到的相关启动物体会加快命名目标物体的时间。在实验2中，我们重复了这一结果，并进一步表明，命名时间上的益处是由于相关物体的促进作用，而不是无关物体的抑制作用。此外，在两个实验中，当注视点n处没有目标物体的周边预览时，目标物体的命名速度要慢得多。然而，由于当目标不存在时中央凹启动物体的效应比目标存在时更大，启动似乎并没有使中央凹外信息的提取更有效。在实验3中，记录了受试者查看四个物体以识别它们时的注视时间。当一个相关物体在其之前立即被注视时，对一个物体的注视时间会更短，即使这四个物体没有形成一个场景。促进作用的大小与几个使用场景的类似实验大致相当。结果表明，预测性场景上下文对物体识别的影响可以用物体到物体或“层内”启动机制来解释。
