Meas Steven J, Zhang Chun-Li, Dabdoub Alain
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2018 Mar 14;11:77. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00077. eCollection 2018.
Disabling hearing loss affects over 5% of the world's population and impacts the lives of individuals from all age groups. Within the next three decades, the worldwide incidence of hearing impairment is expected to double. Since a leading cause of hearing loss is the degeneration of primary auditory neurons (PANs), the sensory neurons of the auditory system that receive input from mechanosensory hair cells in the cochlea, it may be possible to restore hearing by regenerating PANs. A direct reprogramming approach can be used to convert the resident spiral ganglion glial cells into induced neurons to restore hearing. This review summarizes recent advances in reprogramming glia in the CNS to suggest future steps for regenerating the peripheral auditory system. In the coming years, direct reprogramming of spiral ganglion glial cells has the potential to become one of the leading biological strategies to treat hearing impairment.
致残性听力损失影响着全球超过5%的人口，并对所有年龄段人群的生活产生影响。在未来三十年里，全球听力障碍的发病率预计将翻倍。由于听力损失的一个主要原因是初级听觉神经元（PANs）的退化，初级听觉神经元是听觉系统中接收来自耳蜗机械感觉毛细胞输入的感觉神经元，因此通过再生初级听觉神经元来恢复听力或许是可行的。一种直接重编程方法可用于将驻留的螺旋神经节胶质细胞转化为诱导神经元以恢复听力。本综述总结了中枢神经系统中胶质细胞重编程的最新进展，以提出再生外周听觉系统的未来步骤。在未来几年，螺旋神经节胶质细胞的直接重编程有可能成为治疗听力障碍的主要生物学策略之一。
