Brand Serge, Colledge Flora, Ludyga Sebastian, Emmenegger Raphael, Kalak Nadeem, Sadeghi Bahmani Dena, Holsboer-Trachsler Edith, Pühse Uwe, Gerber Markus
Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2018 Mar 13;9:249. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00249. eCollection 2018.
Studies at the macro level (such as longer-term interventions) showed that physical activity impacts positively on cognitive-emotional processes of patients with mental disorders. However, research focusing on the immediate impact of acute bouts of exercise (micro level) are missing. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate whether and to what extent single bouts of moderately intense exercise can influence dimensions of psychological functioning in inpatients with mental disorders. 129 inpatients (mean age: 38.16 years; 50.4% females) took part and completed a questionnaire both immediately before and immediately after exercising. Thirty inpatients completed the questionnaires a second time in the same week. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic and illness-related information. Further, the questionnaire asked about current psychological states such as mood, rumination, social interactions, and attention, tiredness, and physical strengths as a proxy of physiological states. Psychological states improved from pre- to post-session. Improvements were observed for mood, social interactions, attention, and physical strengths. Likewise, rumination and tiredness decreased. Mood, rumination, and tiredness further improved, when patients completed the questionnaires the second time in the same week. At micro level, single bouts of exercise impacted positively on cognitive-emotional processes such as mood, rumination, attention and social interactions, and physiological states of tiredness and physical strengths among inpatients with mental disorders. In addition, further improvements were observed, if patients participated in physical activities a second time.
宏观层面的研究（如长期干预）表明，体育活动对精神障碍患者的认知 - 情感过程有积极影响。然而，关注急性运动发作（微观层面）即时影响的研究却缺失。因此，本研究的目的是调查单次中等强度运动是否以及在多大程度上会影响精神障碍住院患者的心理功能维度。129名住院患者（平均年龄：38.16岁；50.4%为女性）参与并在运动前后立即完成了一份问卷。30名住院患者在同一周内第二次完成了问卷。问卷涵盖了社会人口统计学和疾病相关信息。此外，问卷询问了当前的心理状态，如情绪、沉思、社交互动、注意力、疲劳以及作为生理状态指标的体力。心理状态从运动前到运动后有所改善。情绪、社交互动、注意力和体力方面都有改善。同样，沉思和疲劳程度降低。当患者在同一周内第二次完成问卷时，情绪、沉思和疲劳进一步改善。在微观层面，单次运动发作对精神障碍住院患者的认知 - 情感过程（如情绪、沉思、注意力和社交互动）以及疲劳和体力等生理状态产生了积极影响。此外，如果患者再次参与体育活动，还会观察到进一步的改善。
