School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China.
Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China.
Molecules. 2018 Mar 29;23(4):791. doi: 10.3390/molecules23040791.
In order to ensure raw consumption safety the dissipation behavior, migration, postharvest processing, and dietary risk assessment of five pyrethroids in mushroom ( Mont.) cultivated under Chinese greenhouse-field conditions. Half-lives () of pyrethroids in fruiting body and substrate samples were 3.10-5.26 and 17.46-40.06 d, respectively. Fenpropathrin dissipated rapidly in fruiting bodies ( 3.10 d); bifenthrin had the longest . At harvest, pyrethroid residues in (except fenpropathrin) were above the respective maximum residue limits (MRLs). Some migration of lambda-cyhalothrin was observed in the substrate-fruit body system. In postharvest-processing, sun-drying and soaking reduced pyrethroid residues by 25-83%. We therefore recommend that consumers soak these mushrooms in 0.5% NaHCO₃ at 50 °C for 90 min. Pyrethroids exhibit a particularly low PF value of 0.08-0.13%, resulting in a negligible exposure risk upon mushroom consumption. This study provides guidance for the safe application of pyrethroids to edible fungi, and for the establishment of MRLs in mushrooms to reduce pesticide exposure in humans.
为确保生食安全，研究了 5 种拟除虫菊酯在我国温室内菌草-蘑菇复合生态系统中的消解动态、迁移行为、产后加工和膳食风险。在子实体和基质样品中，拟除虫菊酯的半衰期（）分别为 3.10-5.26 和 17.46-40.06 d。在子实体中，高效氯氟氰菊酯消解迅速（半衰期为 3.10 d）；联苯菊酯的半衰期最长。收获时，除高效氯氟氰菊酯外，其他 4 种拟除虫菊酯在子实体中的残留量均超过各自的最大残留限量（MRLs）。在产后加工过程中，日晒和浸泡可使拟除虫菊酯残留减少 25-83%。因此，建议消费者将蘑菇在 0.5%碳酸氢钠中于 50°C 浸泡 90 分钟。拟除虫菊酯的农药风险系数（PF）值特别低，为 0.08-0.13%，表明食用蘑菇导致的暴露风险可以忽略不计。本研究为安全使用拟除虫菊酯防治食用菌病虫害以及制定食用菌中拟除虫菊酯 MRL 提供了参考，可降低人体的农药暴露风险。
