密歇根州弗林特市儿童血铅水平：2006-2016 年。
Blood Lead Levels of Children in Flint, Michigan: 2006-2016.
机构信息
Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Toxicology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI.
Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Flint, MI.
出版信息
J Pediatr. 2018 Jun;197:158-164. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.12.063. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the increases in blood lead levels (BLLs) observed in young children in Flint, Michigan, during their exposure to corrosive Flint River water during the years 2014 and 2015 and compared their BLLs to those of Flint children measured during the years 2006-2013 and 2016.
STUDY DESIGN
This was a retrospective study design using BLLs extracted from databases from 2006 to 2016. We analyzed a population sample of 15 817 BLLs from children aged ≤5 years with potential exposure to contaminated Flint River water. Percentages of BLLs ≥5.0 µg/dL and geometric mean (GM) BLLs were analyzed over time.
RESULTS
A significant decline in the percentages of BLLs ≥5.0 µg/dL from 11.8% in 2006 to 3.2% in 2016 was observed (P < .001). GM ± SE BLLs decreased from 2.33 ± 0.04 µg/dL in 2006 to 1.15 ± 0.02 µg/dL in 2016 (P < .001). GM BLLs increased twice: from 1.75 ± 0.03 µg/dL to 1.87 ± 0.03 µg/dL (2010-2011) and from 1.19 ± 0.02 µg/dL to 1.30 ± 0.02 µg/dL (2014-2015). Overall, from 2006 to 2016, there was a 72.9% decrease in the percentage of children with BLLs ≥5.0 µg/dL and a 50.6% decrease in GM BLLs.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that the 11 year trend of annual decreases in BLLs in children in Flint, Michigan, reversed to a degree consistent with random variation from 2010 to 2011, and again during the exposure to Flint River water in 2014-2015. Historically, public health efforts to reduce BLLs of young children in Flint have been effective over the 11-year period studied.
目的
我们评估了密歇根州弗林特市儿童在 2014 年至 2015 年期间暴露于腐蚀性弗林特河水中时血液铅水平（BLL）的升高情况，并将其与 2006 年至 2013 年和 2016 年弗林特儿童的 BLL 进行了比较。
研究设计
这是一项使用 2006 年至 2016 年数据库中提取的 BLL 值进行的回顾性研究设计。我们分析了一个潜在暴露于受污染弗林特河水的 15817 名 5 岁以下儿童的人群样本。分析了 BLLs≥5.0μg/dL 的百分比和几何均数（GM）BLLs 随时间的变化。
结果
观察到 BLLs≥5.0μg/dL 的百分比从 2006 年的 11.8%显著下降至 2016 年的 3.2%（P<.001）。GM±SE BLLs 从 2006 年的 2.33±0.04μg/dL 下降至 2016 年的 1.15±0.02μg/dL（P<.001）。GM BLLs 增加了两次：从 1.75±0.03μg/dL 增加到 1.87±0.03μg/dL（2010-2011 年）和从 1.19±0.02μg/dL 增加到 1.30±0.02μg/dL（2014-2015 年）。总体而言，从 2006 年到 2016 年，BLLs≥5.0μg/dL 的儿童百分比下降了 72.9%，GM BLLs 下降了 50.6%。
结论
这些发现表明，密歇根州弗林特市儿童的 BLLs 呈逐年下降趋势，在 2010 年至 2011 年期间有所逆转，而在 2014 年至 2015 年期间再次暴露于弗林特河水中时也有所逆转。从历史上看，在研究期间，为降低弗林特市幼儿 BLLs 而进行的公共卫生努力是有效的。
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