Kian R, Moradi S, Ghorbian S
Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar 54511, Iran.
Exp Oncol. 2018 Mar;40(1):2-9.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a broad class of non-coding RNAs nearly 21 nucleotides length, which play crucial functions in post-transcriptional gene regulation. These molecules are associated with many developmental and cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms. Current investigation has reported major factors contributing to miRNA biogenesis and has constituted basic principles of miRNA function. More recently, it was confirmed that various miRNAs are clearly implicated in human malignancies, such as lung, breast, ovarian, bladder, colon cancer and other kinds of carcinoma. In addition, dysregulation in the miRNA machinery elements such as Dicer, Drosha, DGCR8, Argonaut, and TRBP could be involved in the progress of many tumor types. The purpose of the current review was to compile growing information besides how miRNA biogenesis and gene silencing are modified to develop cancer.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类长度约为21个核苷酸的非编码RNA，在转录后基因调控中发挥关键作用。这些分子与真核生物中的许多发育和细胞过程相关。目前的研究报道了有助于miRNA生物合成的主要因素，并构成了miRNA功能的基本原理。最近，已证实各种miRNA明显与人类恶性肿瘤有关，如肺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、膀胱癌、结肠癌和其他类型的癌症。此外，miRNA机制元件（如Dicer、Drosha、DGCR8、Argonaute和TRBP）的失调可能参与多种肿瘤类型的进展。本综述的目的是汇总除了miRNA生物合成和基因沉默如何被改变以引发癌症之外不断增加的信息。
