ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit, Bengaluru, India.
ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.
Trop Med Int Health. 2018 Jun;23(6):605-615. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13056. Epub 2018 Apr 17.
There is an urgent need to test and incorporate new molecules with promising efficacy and novel mode of action to control insecticide-resistant mosquito vectors for disease control. We tested a new compound, clothianidin (SumiShield 50 WG), for its efficacy as an indoor residual spray (IRS) for the control of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae) in comparison with pirimiphos methyl (Actellic CS) as a positive control.
Ten villages were selected, five each for IRS with clothianidin (300 mg AI/m ) and pirimiphos methyl (1000 mg AI/m ) in Almatti Dam catchment area in Karnataka state, India. Entomological parameters were monitored in these sprayed villages using standard methods. Assessment of quality of spray was performed by analysing the insecticide content in the filter paper samples collected from sprayed houses. Perceptions of spray men and inhabitants were recorded post-spray on safety of these molecules.
The mean applied to target ratio of content was 1.7 (n = 29) for clothianidin and 1.8 (n = 50) for pirimiphos methyl on filter paper samples analysed. Residual activity (≥80% mortality in exposed mosquitoes) after 24 h post-exposure of SumiShield WG was 5 months and increased to 6 months when the holding period was extended to 120 h and that of Actellic CS was 3 months at 24-h holding period and extended to 4 months at 120-h extended holding period. The mean densities of An. culicifacies in both arms fell drastically post-spray. In light trap collections, density of mosquitoes collected indoors was lower than outdoors in both arms indicating effectiveness of IRS. SumiShield WG was more efficacious in reducing the per-structure density than Actellic CS. The proportion of nulliparous mosquitoes was higher than that of parous mosquitoes during post-spray collections in both arms. The majority of adverse events reported were transitory and subsided without medication.
Indoor residual spraying with SumiShield WG was found effective, operationally feasible and safe, and it is effective for up to 6 months.
迫切需要测试和采用具有良好疗效和新型作用模式的新分子，以控制具有抗药性的病媒蚊虫，从而控制疾病。我们测试了一种新化合物氯虫腈（Sumishield 50WG），将其作为室内滞留喷洒（IRS），以控制印度卡纳塔克邦 Almatti 水坝集水区对拟除虫菊酯具有抗药性的致倦库蚊（双翅目：库蚊科），并与作为阳性对照的吡虫·甲基（Actellic CS）进行比较。
在印度卡纳塔克邦 Almatti 水坝集水区选择了 10 个村庄，每个村庄用氯虫腈（300mg AI/m ）和吡虫·甲基（1000mg AI/m ）进行 IRS。使用标准方法在这些喷洒的村庄中监测昆虫学参数。通过分析从喷洒房屋收集的滤纸样本中的杀虫剂含量来评估喷雾质量。在喷洒后，记录喷雾人员和居民对这些分子安全性的看法。
分析了 29 份氯虫腈和 50 份吡虫·甲基滤纸样本，结果表明氯虫腈的平均应用目标比为 1.7，吡虫·甲基为 1.8。暴露于 Sumishield WG 24 小时后，残留活性（暴露的蚊子中死亡率≥80%）为 5 个月，当延长至 120 小时时，延长至 6 个月，而 Actellic CS 在 24 小时保持期时为 3 个月，延长至 120 小时时延长至 4 个月。在喷洒后，两条手臂中的致倦库蚊的平均密度都急剧下降。在灯光诱捕收集器中，两条手臂中室内收集的蚊子密度均低于室外，表明 IRS 有效。氯虫腈在减少每结构密度方面比吡虫·甲基更有效。在两条手臂的喷洒后收集期间，未产卵的蚊子比例高于产卵的蚊子。报告的大多数不良事件都是短暂的，无需药物即可缓解。
室内滞留喷洒氯虫腈被证明是有效、可行且安全的，有效期长达 6 个月。
