China Molybdenum Co., Ltd./International SOS Malaria Control Programme, Tenke Fungurume Mining, Fungurume, Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
School of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Malar J. 2019 Mar 12;18(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12936-019-2710-5.
Bio-efficacy and residual activity of SumiShield 50WG (50%, w/w) with active ingredient clothianidin, a neonicotinoid compound, was assessed using an insecticide-susceptible laboratory strain of Anopheles arabiensis. Implications of the findings are examined in the context of potential alternative insecticides for indoor residual spraying in Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Contact surface bioassays were conducted for 48 weeks on four types of walls (unbaked clay, baked clay, cement, painted cement) in simulated semi-field experimental conditions using two different doses of clothianidin active ingredient (200 mg ai/sq m and 300 mg ai/sq m). Additionally, two types of walls (painted cement and baked clay) were examined in occupied houses using the 300-mg dosage. Laboratory-reared An. arabiensis were exposed to treated surfaces or untreated (controls) for 30 min. Mortality was recorded at 24-h intervals for 120 h.
Under semi-field experimental conditions, there was no significant difference in mortality over time between the two doses of clothianidin. The mortality rates remained above 60% up to 48 weeks on all four wall surface types. The formulation performed better on cement and unbaked clay with a mean final mortality rate above 90%. Under natural conditions, there was no significant difference in response between baked clay and painted cement walls with a mean final mortality rate above 90%. The insecticide also performed significantly better in natural settings compared to semi-field experimental conditions.
Depending on the type of experimental surface, the residual activity of the two doses of clothianidin was between 28 and 48 weeks based on a 60% mortality endpoint. Clothianidin at 300 mg ai/sq m applied on two house walls (baked clay or painted cement) performed equally well (> 80% mortality) on both surfaces up to week 41 (approximately 9.5 months). Extended bioassay holding periods (up to 120 h) may present with excess natural mortality in the untreated controls, thus complicating analysis.
使用一种新烟碱类化合物氯虫苯甲酰胺的苏米盾 50WG（50%，w/w）的生物功效和残留活性，在对杀虫剂敏感的阿拉伯按蚊实验室品系中进行了评估。在刚果民主共和国卢阿拉巴省寻找室内滞留喷洒的潜在替代杀虫剂时，对这些发现的意义进行了考察。
在模拟半野外实验条件下，使用两种不同剂量的氯虫苯甲酰胺活性成分（200mg ai/sq m 和 300mg ai/sq m），对四种墙壁类型（未烧制粘土、烧制粘土、水泥、涂漆水泥）进行了 48 周的接触表面生物测定。此外，还在有人居住的房屋中使用 300mg 剂量对两种墙壁类型（涂漆水泥和烧制粘土）进行了检查。实验室饲养的阿拉伯按蚊暴露于处理过的表面或未处理的表面（对照）30 分钟。在 120 小时内每 24 小时记录一次死亡率。
在半野外实验条件下，两种剂量的氯虫苯甲酰胺的死亡率随时间没有显著差异。在所有四种墙壁表面类型上，48 周内死亡率仍保持在 60%以上。该制剂在水泥和未烧制粘土上的效果更好，最终死亡率平均值超过 90%。在自然条件下，烧制粘土和涂漆水泥墙之间的反应没有显著差异，最终死亡率平均值超过 90%。与半野外实验条件相比，该杀虫剂在自然环境中的效果也明显更好。
根据实验表面的类型，两种剂量的氯虫苯甲酰胺的残留活性在 60%死亡率终点的基础上分别为 28 至 48 周。300mg ai/sq m 的氯虫苯甲酰胺施用于两面房屋墙壁（烧制粘土或涂漆水泥），在第 41 周（约 9.5 个月）之前，两种表面的死亡率均达到 80%以上（>80%）。延长生物测定保持期（长达 120 小时）可能会导致未处理对照的自然死亡率过高，从而使分析复杂化。
