Rodríguez-Iturbe B, Johnson R J
1 Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC-Zulia), Nephrology Service Hospital Universitario, Universidad del Zulia , Maracaibo, Venezuela.
2 Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO, USA.
Physiol Int. 2018 Mar 1;105(1):19-37. doi: 10.1556/2060.105.2018.1.4.
The development of stress drives a host of biological responses that include the overproduction of a family of proteins named heat shock proteins (HSPs), because they were initially studied after heat exposure. HSPs are evolutionarily preserved proteins with a high degree of interspecies homology. HSPs are intracellular proteins that also have extracellular expression. The primary role of HSPs is to protect cell function by preventing irreversible protein damage and facilitating molecular traffic through intracellular pathways. However, in addition to their chaperone role, HSPs are immunodominant molecules that stimulate natural as well as disease-related immune reactivity. The latter may be a consequence of molecular mimicry, generating cross-reactivity between human HSPs and the HSPs of infectious agents. Autoimmune reactivity driven by HSPs could also be the result of enhancement of the immune response to peptides generated during cellular injury and of their role in the delivery of peptides to the major histocompatibility complex in antigen-presenting cells. In humans, HSPs have been found to participate in the pathogenesis of a large number of diseases. This review is focused on the role of HSPs in atherosclerosis and essential hypertension.
应激的发展会引发一系列生物学反应，其中包括一类名为热休克蛋白（HSPs）的蛋白质的过量产生，因为它们最初是在热暴露后被研究的。热休克蛋白是进化上保守的蛋白质，具有高度的种间同源性。热休克蛋白是细胞内蛋白，但也有细胞外表达。热休克蛋白的主要作用是通过防止蛋白质发生不可逆损伤以及促进分子通过细胞内途径运输来保护细胞功能。然而，除了其伴侣作用外，热休克蛋白还是免疫显性分子，可刺激天然免疫以及与疾病相关的免疫反应。后者可能是分子模拟的结果，导致人类热休克蛋白与感染因子的热休克蛋白之间产生交叉反应。由热休克蛋白驱动的自身免疫反应也可能是对细胞损伤过程中产生的肽的免疫反应增强以及它们在将肽递送至抗原呈递细胞中的主要组织相容性复合体中所起作用的结果。在人类中，已发现热休克蛋白参与大量疾病的发病机制。本综述聚焦于热休克蛋白在动脉粥样硬化和原发性高血压中的作用。
