Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, CIBERSAM, University of Oviedo, Spain.
Schizophr Res. 2018 Sep;199:64-74. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.025. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
Many studies having shown significant improvements in non-social and social cognitive performance in smoking FEP patients compared to non-smoking FEP patients. The findings are controversial. This study analyzed the effects of tobacco use on non-social and social cognitive function in a large group of FEP patients and a matched healthy control group.
A sample of 335 patients with FEP and 253 healthy controls was divided into four subgroups: control tobacco users (CTU), control non-tobacco users (CNTU), patient tobacco users (PTU) and patient non-tobacco users (PNTU). Demographic variables, tobacco use variables (presence or absence, frequency and duration of tobacco use), neurocognitive (non-social) performance and social cognition were assessed.
Comparison of 4 subgroups in non-social cognitive function revealed significant differences after controlling for covariables in executive functions (F=13.45; p≤0.001) and working memory domains (F=4.30; p=0.005). CTU and CNTU subgroups scored higher in all the domains compared to the PTU and the PNTU subgroups respectively. Social cognitive function was also significantly different within the four subgroups, with control subgroups showing better social cognition than patient subgroups. Significant differences in the executive functions domain were observed when comparing PTU and CTU groups (F=19.60; p≤0.001). No significant differences were revealed in the comparison between the patient groups.
This large study suggests that tobacco use in FEP patients is not related to better non-social or social cognitive performance.
许多研究表明，与非吸烟 FEP 患者相比，吸烟 FEP 患者的非社交和社会认知表现有显著改善。但这些发现存在争议。本研究分析了大量 FEP 患者和匹配的健康对照组中，吸烟对非社交和社会认知功能的影响。
335 名首发精神分裂症患者和 253 名健康对照组被分为四个亚组：对照组吸烟者（CTU）、对照组非吸烟者（CNTU）、患者吸烟者（PTU）和患者非吸烟者（PNTU）。评估人口统计学变量、吸烟变量（是否吸烟、吸烟频率和吸烟持续时间）、神经认知（非社交）功能和社会认知。
在控制了执行功能（F=13.45；p≤0.001）和工作记忆领域（F=4.30；p=0.005）的协变量后，对非社交认知功能的 4 个亚组进行比较，发现存在显著差异。与 PTU 和 PNTU 亚组相比，CTU 和 CNTU 亚组在所有领域的得分都更高。在四个亚组中，社会认知功能也存在显著差异，对照组的社会认知能力优于患者组。当比较 PTU 和 CTU 组时，在执行功能领域观察到显著差异（F=19.60；p≤0.001）。在比较患者组时，没有发现显著差异。
这项大型研究表明，FEP 患者吸烟与非社交或社会认知表现的改善无关。
