de Figueiredo Vitória Ribeiro Garcia, Yamashita Fábio, Vanzela André Luis Laforga, Ida Elza Iouko, Kurozawa Louise Emy
1Department of Food Science and Technology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86057-970 Brazil.
2Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86057-970 Brazil.
J Food Sci Technol. 2018 Apr;55(4):1508-1517. doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3067-4. Epub 2018 Mar 5.
The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction of protein by applying a multi-enzymatic pretreatment to okara, a byproduct from soymilk processing. The multi-enzyme complex Viscozyme, containing a variety of carbohydrases, was used to hydrolyze the okara cell walls and facilitate extraction of proteins. Enzyme-assisted extraction was carried out under different temperatures (37-53 °C), enzyme concentrations (1.5-4%) and pH values (5.5-6.5) according to a central composite rotatable design. After extraction, the protein was concentrated by isoelectric precipitation. The optimal conditions for maximum protein content and recovery in protein concentrate were 53 °C, pH 6.2 and 4% of enzyme concentration. Under these conditions, protein content of 56% (dry weight basis) and a recovery of 28% were obtained, representing an increase of 17 and 86%, respectively, compared to the sample with no enzymatic pretreatment. The multi-enzyme complex Viscozyme hydrolyzed the structural cell wall polysaccharides, improving extraction and obtaining protein concentrate from the okara. An electrophoretic profile of the protein concentrate showed two distinct bands, corresponding to the acidic and basic subunits of the protein glycinin. There were no limiting amino acids in the protein concentrate, which had a greater content of arginine.
本研究的目的是通过对豆浆加工副产品豆渣进行多酶预处理来优化蛋白质提取。含有多种碳水化合物酶的复合酶Viscozyme用于水解豆渣细胞壁并促进蛋白质提取。根据中心复合旋转设计，在不同温度（37 - 53°C）、酶浓度（1.5 - 4%）和pH值（5.5 - 6.5）下进行酶辅助提取。提取后，通过等电沉淀浓缩蛋白质。蛋白质浓缩物中蛋白质含量和回收率最高的最佳条件是53°C、pH 6.2和4%的酶浓度。在这些条件下，获得了56%（干重计）的蛋白质含量和28%的回收率，与未进行酶预处理的样品相比分别提高了17%和86%。复合酶Viscozyme水解了结构性细胞壁多糖，改善了提取效果并从豆渣中获得了蛋白质浓缩物。蛋白质浓缩物的电泳图谱显示出两条明显条带，对应于大豆球蛋白的酸性和碱性亚基。蛋白质浓缩物中没有限制氨基酸，精氨酸含量更高。
