a Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities in Mental Development, Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
b Department of Social Science, Faculty of Education in Sombor , University of Novi Sad , Sombor , Serbia.
Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Aug;41(17):2036-2048. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1457092. Epub 2018 Apr 1.
The of this study was to compare the level of participation in social, leisure and recreational activities in a group with intellectual disability, a group with autistic spectrum disorders, and a typically developing group. The sample included 157 children of both genders, between 7 and 16 years of age ( = 11.03, SD =2.59). The Activities Questionnaire, which consists of: social, leisure, recreational activities, and friendship, was used in the research. Participants with intellectual disability participated in a significantly larger number of all assessed activities than their peers with autistic spectrum disorders. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of participation in observed activities among the three groups of participants. Participants with intellectual disability were more independent than participants with autistic spectrum disorders in social and leisure activities, and needed less parental support in leisure activities. Participants with intellectual disability and autistic spectrum disorders had friendly relationships mainly with peers with disabilities. The influence of gender was detected in certain activities in all three groups of participants. Participants with disability participate in social, leisure and recreational activities less than their typically developing peers. The activities in which they participate are mainly stereotypical, highly structured, and take place in the presence of parents. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Forming a richer network of support services which would be oriented towards organizing social, leisure and recreational activities of persons with disabilities in the community. It is necessary to improve support programs which would focus on strengthening the competencies and resources of parents. The improvement of formal and informal support should provide a wider network, and better and more frequent social relationships between persons with and without disabilities.
本研究的目的是比较在有智力障碍、自闭症谱系障碍和典型发展的群体中，参与社会、休闲和娱乐活动的水平。样本包括 157 名 7 至 16 岁的男女儿童（均数=11.03，标准差=2.59）。研究中使用了活动问卷，包括：社会、休闲、娱乐和友谊活动。有智力障碍的参与者参与所有评估活动的数量明显多于自闭症谱系障碍的同龄人。在观察到的三组参与者中，参与活动的频率没有统计学上的显著差异。与自闭症谱系障碍患者相比，有智力障碍的参与者在社会和休闲活动中更加独立，在休闲活动中需要较少的父母支持。有智力障碍和自闭症谱系障碍的参与者与残疾同伴主要建立友好关系。在所有三组参与者中都发现了性别在某些活动中的影响。残疾参与者参与社会、休闲和娱乐活动的频率低于其典型发展的同龄人。他们参与的活动主要是刻板的、高度结构化的，并且在父母在场的情况下进行。
康复建议
形成更丰富的支持服务网络，以组织社区中残疾人士的社会、休闲和娱乐活动。有必要改进支持计划，重点是加强父母的能力和资源。正式和非正式支持的改善应提供更广泛的网络，并改善和增加残疾人和非残疾人之间的社会关系。
