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经顶上小叶的 TMS 会延迟在伸手和抓取工具进行使用时对合适抓取方向的选择。

TMS over the supramarginal gyrus delays selection of appropriate grasp orientation during reaching and grasping tools for use.

机构信息

School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

出版信息

Cortex. 2018 Jun;103:117-129. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.002. Epub 2018 Mar 9.

Abstract

Tool use, a ubiquitous part of human behaviour, requires manipulation control and knowledge of tool purpose. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological research posit that these two processes are supported by separate brain regions, ventral premotor and inferior parietal for manipulation control, and posterior middle temporal cortex for tool knowledge, lateralised to the left hemisphere. Action plans for tool use need to integrate these two separate processes, which is likely supported by the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG). However, whether this integration occurs during action execution is not known. To clarify the role of the SMG we conducted two experiments in which healthy participants reached to grasp everyday tools with the explicit instruction to use them directly following their grasp. To study the integration of manipulation control and tool knowledge within a narrow time window we mechanically perturbed the orientation of the tool to force participants to correct grasp orientation 'on-line' during the reaching movement. In experiment 1, twenty healthy participants reached with their left hand to grasp a tool. Double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied, in different blocks over left or right SMG at the onset of perturbation. Kinematic data revealed delayed and erroneous online correction after TMS over left and right SMG. In Experiment 2 twelve participants reached, in different blocks, with their left or right hand and TMS was applied over SMG ipsilateral to the reaching hand. A similar effect on correction was observed for ipsilateral stimulation when reaching with the left and right hands, and no effect of or interaction with hemisphere was observed. Our findings implicate a bilateral role of the SMG in correcting movements and selection of appropriate grasp orientation during reaching to grasp tools for use.

摘要

工具使用是人类行为中普遍存在的一部分,它需要操纵控制和工具用途的知识。神经影像学和神经心理学研究假设,这两个过程分别由大脑的两个区域支持,腹侧前运动皮层和下顶叶皮层用于操纵控制,后颞中皮层用于工具知识,偏向于左半球。工具使用的行动计划需要整合这两个独立的过程,这可能由左侧缘上回(SMG)支持。然而,在执行动作时是否会发生这种整合尚不清楚。为了阐明 SMG 的作用,我们进行了两项实验,健康参与者在明确指示直接使用工具的情况下,用左手伸手去抓日常工具。为了在狭窄的时间窗口内研究操纵控制和工具知识的整合,我们通过机械方式改变工具的方向,迫使参与者在伸手运动过程中在线纠正抓握方向。在实验 1 中,二十名健康参与者用左手伸手去抓工具。在扰动开始时,在不同的块中,在左或右 SMG 上施加双脉冲经颅磁刺激(TMS)。运动学数据显示,在左和右 SMG 上施加 TMS 后,在线校正出现延迟和错误。在实验 2 中,十二名参与者在不同的块中用左手或右手伸手,TMS 施加在与伸手手同侧的 SMG 上。当用左手和右手伸手时,同侧刺激观察到类似的校正效果,并且没有观察到对侧或与对侧的影响或相互作用。我们的研究结果表明,SMG 在纠正伸手抓握工具时的运动和选择适当的抓握方向方面具有双侧作用。

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