Uematsu Azusa, Hortobágyi Tibor, Tsuchiya Kazushi, Kadono Norio, Kobayashi Hirofumi, Ogawa Tomoya, Suzuki Shuji
Dokkyo Medical University, 880, Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Gait Posture. 2018 May;62:303-310. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.03.036. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
Age-related slowing of gait speed predicts many clinical conditions in later life. We examined the kinematic and kinetic mechanisms of how lower extremity power training increases healthy old adults' gait speed.
We randomly allocated old adults to a training (age 74.3 y, 9 males, 6 females) and a control group (age 73.6 y, 3 males, 4 females) and compared the biomechanics of habitual and fast gait before and after 16 sessions (8 weeks) of lower extremity power training.
Training increased maximal leg press load by ∼40% (P < 0.05) and maximal voluntary force in five groups of leg muscles by ∼32% (P < 0.05) in the training group. Training vs. control tended to increase habitual (10.8 vs. 7.6%) and fast gait speed (17.6 vs. 9.0%; all P < 0.05) more. In the training group only, these increases in gait speed correlated with increases in stride length (habitual: r = 0.84, fast: r = 0.89). Training made old adults' gait more erect: hip and knee extension increased in the stance phase of gait. Training increased ankle joint positive work by 3.3 J (control: -0.4 J, Group by Time interaction: P < 0.05), which correlated r = 0.58 and r = 0.67 with increases in habitual and fast gait speed without changes in hip and knee joint powers.
Increases in leg muscle power increased healthy old adults' gait speed through correlated increases in stride length and ankle plantarflexor work generation.
与年龄相关的步态速度减慢预示着晚年的许多临床状况。我们研究了下肢力量训练提高健康老年人步态速度的运动学和动力学机制。
我们将老年人随机分为训练组（年龄74.3岁，男性9名，女性6名）和对照组（年龄73.6岁，男性3名，女性4名），并比较了下肢力量训练16节次（8周）前后习惯性步态和快速步态的生物力学特征。
训练使训练组的最大腿举负荷增加了约40%（P<0.05），五组腿部肌肉的最大随意力增加了约32%（P<0.05）。训练组与对照组相比，更倾向于使习惯性步态速度（10.8%对7.6%）和快速步态速度（17.6%对9.0%；所有P<0.05）增加更多。仅在训练组中，这些步态速度的增加与步幅长度的增加相关（习惯性：r=0.84，快速：r=0.89）。训练使老年人的步态更直立：在步态的站立期，髋部和膝部伸展增加。训练使踝关节的正向功增加了3.3焦耳（对照组：-0.4焦耳，组间与时间交互作用：P<0.05），这与习惯性步态和快速步态速度的增加相关，r分别为0.58和0.67，而髋部和膝部关节功率没有变化。
腿部肌肉力量的增加通过步幅长度和踝关节跖屈做功的相关增加，提高了健康老年人的步态速度。
