Queensland Conservatorium Research Centre, Griffith University, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia; School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia.
Complement Ther Med. 2018 Apr;37:110-126. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.02.002. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
While music is being increasingly used as a surgical intervention, the types of music used and the reasons underlying their selection remain inconsistent. Empirical research into the efficacy of such musical interventions is therefore problematic.
To provide clear guidelines for musical selection and employment in surgical interventions, created through a synthesis of the literature. The aim is to examine how music is implemented in surgical situations, and to provide guidance for the selection and composition of music for future interventions.
English language quantitative surgical intervention studies from Science Direct, ProQuest, and Sage Journals Online, all published within the last 10 years and featuring recorded music, were systematically reviewed. Variables investigated included: the time the intervention was performed, the intervention length, the outcomes targeted, music description (general and specific), theoretical frameworks underlying the selection of the music, whether or not a musical expert was involved, participant music history, and the participants' feedback on the chosen music.
Several aspects contribute to the lack of scientific rigour regarding music selection in this field, including the lack of a theoretical framework or frameworks, no involvement of musical experts, failure to list the music tracks used, and the use of vague and subjective terms in general music descriptions. Patients are frequently allowed to select music (risking both choosing music that has an adverse effect and making study replication difficult), and patient music history and listening habits are rarely considered. Crucially, five primary theoretical frameworks underlying the effectiveness of music arose in the literature (distraction, relaxation, emotional shift, entrainment, and endogenous analgesia), however music was rarely selected to enhance any of these mechanisms.
Further research needs to be conducted to ensure that music is selected according to a theoretical framework and more rigorous and replicable methodology. Music interventions can be made more effective at improving psychological states and reducing physiological arousal by selecting music conducive to specific mechanisms, and also by considering at what point during the surgical experience the music would be most effective. Greater involvement of music experts in interventions would help to ensure that the most appropriate music was chosen, and that it is clearly and precisely described.
虽然音乐正被越来越多地应用于外科手术干预中，但使用的音乐类型以及选择的依据仍不统一。因此，对于这类音乐干预措施的效果，实证研究存在一定的问题。
通过文献综合，为外科手术干预中音乐的选择和应用提供明确的指导。旨在探讨音乐在外科手术中的应用方式，并为未来干预措施中音乐的选择和组合提供指导。
对 Science Direct、ProQuest 和 Sage Journals Online 上发表的过去 10 年内的英语语言定量外科干预研究进行系统综述，这些研究都包含有记录音乐的外科手术干预，并使用记录音乐。调查的变量包括：干预进行的时间、干预时长、目标结果、音乐描述（一般描述和具体描述）、选择音乐的理论框架（如果有）、是否有音乐专家参与、参与者的音乐史，以及参与者对所选音乐的反馈。
该领域音乐选择缺乏科学严谨性，原因包括缺乏理论框架或框架、没有音乐专家参与、未列出使用的音乐曲目、一般音乐描述中使用模糊和主观的术语。患者经常被允许选择音乐（这既存在选择可能产生负面影响的音乐的风险，也增加了研究复制的难度），并且患者的音乐史和听音乐习惯很少被考虑。重要的是，文献中出现了五种音乐有效性的主要理论框架（分心、放松、情绪转移、同步和内源性镇痛），但音乐选择很少考虑增强这些机制。
需要进一步研究，以确保音乐是根据理论框架选择的，并且使用更严格、更可复制的方法。通过选择有利于特定机制的音乐，并考虑音乐在手术体验中的最佳应用时间，可以使音乐干预更有效地改善心理状态和降低生理唤醒。音乐专家更多地参与干预将有助于确保选择最合适的音乐，并对音乐进行清晰、准确的描述。
