Gomez-Echeverri Luis
Transitions to New Technologies, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2018 May 13;376(2119). doi: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0444.
One of the greatest achievements in the global negotiations of 2015 that delivered the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development or Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement on climate change is that, for the first time, the linkages between climate and development were enshrined in each of the documents. This was done in recognition that climate change and development need to be addressed together in order not only to avoid harmful trade-offs and high costs, particularly for poorer countries, but also to exploit the benefits that come from strengthening these linkages. This review presents some of the latest data that argue for stronger linkages as well as the challenges of implementation which are not only politically and economically related but also include issues such as knowledge gaps, finance and governance. Finally, the review also presents a glimpse at the pathways that will be required to reach the ambitious global temperature targets of the Paris Agreement of less than 2°C above pre-industrial levels with efforts to limit temperature rise even further to 1.5°C. This provides the context for some conclusions and recommendations for policy-makers, including on methodologies for assessing linkages and leveraging them for greater benefit.This article is part of the theme issue 'The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.
2015年全球谈判取得了两项重大成果，即达成了《2030年可持续发展议程》（又称可持续发展目标，SDGs）以及《巴黎气候变化协定》。其中一项重大成就在于，气候与发展之间的联系首次被写入这两份文件之中。之所以如此，是因为人们认识到，气候变化与发展需要一并加以应对，这不仅是为了避免有害的权衡取舍和高昂成本，尤其是对较贫穷国家而言，也是为了利用加强这些联系所带来的益处。本综述呈现了一些支持加强联系的最新数据，以及实施过程中面临的挑战，这些挑战不仅涉及政治和经济层面，还包括知识差距、资金和治理等问题。最后，本综述还简要介绍了为实现《巴黎协定》设定的雄心勃勃的全球温度目标（即比工业化前水平高出不到2°C）所需的途径，同时努力将升温幅度进一步限制在1.5°C。这为政策制定者提供了一些结论和建议的背景，包括评估联系的方法以及如何利用这些联系以获取更大利益。本文是主题为“《巴黎协定》：理解比工业化前水平高出1.5°C的变暖世界所面临的自然和社会挑战”这一特刊的一部分。
