人类免疫缺陷病毒、乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒的血清流行病学：喀麦隆西部地区农村的一项横断面调查
Sero-epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus: a cross-sectional survey in a rural setting of the West region of Cameroon.
作者信息
Nansseu Jobert Richie, Mbogning Descartes Maxime, Monamele Gwladys Chavely, Tamoh Stive Fokam, Gonsu Hortense Kamga, Kouanfack Charles, Yanwou Yves Nathan, Sando Zacharie
机构信息
Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
出版信息
Pan Afr Med J. 2017 Nov 6;28:201. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.201.12717. eCollection 2017.
INTRODUCTION
Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the three most common chronic viral infections worldwide, specifically in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study aimed to determine the sero-epidemiology of HIV, HBV and HCV infections in a rural setting of the West region of Cameroon, a SSA country.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study from August 2 to 5, 2014 in the three health districts of the Menoua Division, West region of Cameroon. Sixteen villages were randomly selected. Participants were currently living in the Division at the time of the survey, and enrolled after they had provided a signed consent form. HIV screening used the "determine test" followed by Hexagon HIV for positive cases to the first assay. HBV and HCV were detected using DIASpot HBsAg and DIASpot HCV-Ab, respectively.
RESULTS
On the whole, 612 subjects consented to take part in this study, of whom 71.1% were females. Mean age of the study population was 45.3 ± 17.9 years. The seroprevalences of HIV, HBV and HCV infections were 1.0% (6/582), 4.5% (20/443) and 6.3% (23/365), respectively. The 41-50 years age group was the most represented among HIV-positive subjects. HBV prevalence was higher in the 21-30 years age group (13.4%), followed by the 51-60 years age group (7.8%), with a significant difference of prevalences among age groups (p = 0.002). All HCV-positive cases were above 40 years of age with a higher prevalence in the > 70 years age group (33.3%) followed by the 61-70 years age group (14.5%); there was a significant difference between the age groups (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The seroprevalences of HIV, HBV and HCV infections in the Menoua Division of the West region of Cameroon were 1.0%, 4.5% and 6.3%, respectively. Preventive measures against these health threats need to be reinforced in this setting.
引言
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）是全球，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）最常见的三种慢性病毒感染。本研究旨在确定在SSA国家喀麦隆西部地区的一个农村环境中HIV、HBV和HCV感染的血清流行病学情况。
方法
2014年8月2日至5日，我们在喀麦隆西部地区梅努阿分区的三个卫生区进行了一项横断面研究。随机选择了16个村庄。参与者在调查时居住在该分区，在提供签署的同意书后被纳入研究。HIV筛查使用“确定检测”，初筛阳性病例再用Hexagon HIV进行检测。HBV和HCV分别使用DIASpot HBsAg和DIASpot HCV-Ab进行检测。
结果
总体而言，612名受试者同意参与本研究，其中71.1%为女性。研究人群的平均年龄为45.3±17.9岁。HIV、HBV和HCV感染的血清流行率分别为1.0%（6/582）、4.5%（20/443）和6.3%（23/365）。41 - 50岁年龄组在HIV阳性受试者中占比最高。HBV流行率在21 - 30岁年龄组中较高（13.4%），其次是51 - 60岁年龄组（7.8%），各年龄组之间的流行率存在显著差异（p = 0.002）。所有HCV阳性病例均在40岁以上，>70岁年龄组的流行率较高（33.3%），其次是61 - 70岁年龄组（14.5%）；各年龄组之间存在显著差异（p = 0.001）。
结论
喀麦隆西部地区梅努阿分区HIV、HBV和HCV感染的血清流行率分别为1.0%、4.5%和
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