Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2 C street, Bialystok 15-222, Poland.
Curr Drug Targets. 2018;19(14):1612-1638. doi: 10.2174/1389450119666180403101555.
Nowadays, growing interest in the possibility of prophylactic and therapeutic use of plant products rich in biologically active compounds has been observed. Among them, special interest has been focused on polyphenol-rich products. Owing to the multidirectional favourable action of polyphenols, products rich in these compounds are recommended as functional food in the case of civilization diseases. Moreover, data from studies in animal models show that polyphenols may be a promising preventive/therapeutic strategy for xenobiotics, including toxic heavy metals. The protective impact of polyphenols against metal toxicity may be explained by the presence of many hydroxyl groups in the structure of these compounds, which are capable of forming complexes with metals preventing as a result from their gastrointestinal absorption and accelerating their elimination from the body with urine. However, it should be taken into account that polyphenols may bind not only ions of toxic metals, but also bioelements, what makes a risk of their shortage in the organism. This review provides an overview of implications for humans' and animals' health of complexation of bioelements and toxic metals by polyphenols present in the popular foodstuffs, including phenolic acids, cyanidin derivatives, delphinidin, quercetin, kaempferol, morin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and curcumin. Polyphenolic compounds capable of binding both necessary and toxic metals occur in commonly consumed products such as green tea, and some fruit and vegetables, including chokeberries, bilberries, and black currant fruit, grapes, and apples, as well as onion. The mechanisms of complexation of essential and toxic metals by polyphenols and possible implications of these for health are discussed.
如今，人们对富含生物活性化合物的植物产品在预防和治疗方面的可能性越来越感兴趣。其中，富含多酚的产品引起了特别关注。由于多酚具有多向的有利作用，这些富含化合物的产品被推荐为文明病的功能性食品。此外，动物模型研究的数据表明，多酚可能是预防/治疗包括有毒重金属在内的外源性化学物质的有前途的策略。多酚对金属毒性的保护作用可以用这些化合物结构中存在许多羟基来解释，这些羟基能够与金属形成复合物，从而防止金属在胃肠道中的吸收，并促进其随尿液排出体外。然而，应该注意的是，多酚不仅可以与有毒金属的离子结合，还可以与生物元素结合，这使得它们在体内缺乏的风险增加。本文综述了常见食品中多酚与生物元素和有毒金属的络合对人类和动物健康的影响，包括酚酸、花青素衍生物、飞燕草素、槲皮素、山奈酚、桑色素、表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯和姜黄素。能够结合必需和有毒金属的多酚类化合物存在于常见的食用产品中，如绿茶，以及一些水果和蔬菜，包括黑果腺肋花楸、越橘和黑加仑果、葡萄和苹果，以及洋葱。本文讨论了多酚与必需和有毒金属的络合机制，以及这些机制对健康的可能影响。
