Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal.
PLoS One. 2018 Apr 3;13(4):e0194189. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194189. eCollection 2018.
Dispersal is a demographic process that can potentially counterbalance the negative impacts of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. However, mechanisms of dispersal may become modified in populations living in human-dominated habitats. Here, we investigated dispersal in Guinea baboons (Papio papio) in areas with contrasting levels of anthropogenic fragmentation, as a case study. Using molecular data, we compared the direction and extent of sex-biased gene flow in two baboon populations: from Guinea-Bissau (GB, fragmented distribution, human-dominated habitat) and Senegal (SEN, continuous distribution, protected area). Individual-based Bayesian clustering, spatial autocorrelation, assignment tests and migrant identification suggested female-mediated gene flow at a large spatial scale for GB with evidence of contact between genetically differentiated males at one locality, which could be interpreted as male-mediated gene flow in southern GB. Gene flow was also found to be female-biased in SEN for a smaller scale. However, in the southwest coastal part of GB, at the same geographic scale as SEN, no sex-biased dispersal was detected and a modest or recent restriction in GB female dispersal seems to have occurred. This population-specific variation in dispersal is attributed to behavioural responses to human activity in GB. Our study highlights the importance of considering the genetic consequences of disrupted dispersal patterns as an additional impact of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and is potentially relevant to the conservation of many species inhabiting human-dominated environments.
扩散是一个人口过程，它可能会抵消人为生境破碎化的负面影响。然而，生活在以人类为主导的栖息地中的种群的扩散机制可能会发生改变。在这里，我们以几内亚狒狒（Papio papio）为例，研究了在具有不同人为破碎化水平的地区的扩散情况。我们使用分子数据，比较了两个狒狒种群的雌雄偏向基因流动的方向和程度：一个来自几内亚比绍（GB，破碎化分布，以人类为主导的栖息地），另一个来自塞内加尔（SEN，连续分布，受保护的区域）。基于个体的贝叶斯聚类、空间自相关、分配测试和移民识别表明，GB 存在大尺度上的雌性介导的基因流动，并且在一个地方有证据表明遗传分化的雄性之间存在接触，这可以解释为南部 GB 的雄性介导的基因流动。SEN 也存在小尺度上的雌性偏向基因流动。然而，在 GB 的西南沿海地区，与 SEN 的地理尺度相同，没有检测到雌雄偏向的扩散，而且 GB 雌性扩散似乎受到适度或近期的限制。这种扩散的种群特异性变化归因于 GB 中对人类活动的行为反应。我们的研究强调了考虑扩散模式中断的遗传后果作为人为生境破碎化的另一个影响的重要性，这可能与许多生活在以人类为主导的环境中的物种的保护有关。
