Caldon Matteo, Mercuri Giacomo, Mutti Giacomo, da Silva Maria Joana Ferreira, Martinez Felipe I, Capelli Cristian
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain.
Am J Biol Anthropol. 2025 Jul;187(3):e70082. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.70082.
Hybridisation plays a critical role in species evolution and is widespread among primates, particularly in the genus Papio. Several baboon hybridisation zones have been identified in Africa, with Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique being notable for chacma baboons exhibiting phenotypic and genomic traits of both chacma and yellow baboons. This study builds on earlier research by leveraging new genomic data to refine our understanding of the relationships between Central Mozambique baboons and other baboon populations, focusing on chacma, yellow, and kinda baboons.
We analyzed uniparental genetic markers alongside autosomal and X chromosome variants, incorporating unpublished low-coverage genomes from fecal samples collected in Central Mozambique. These data were compared with the broader genomic landscape of Papio baboons based on recent surveys.
The analysis of uniparental markers suggests a time to the most recent common ancestor of less than 200kya for chacma baboons in Zambia and Gorongosa, with both lineages sharing a node with yellow baboons from Tanzania less than 1 Mya. Genomic analyses indicate introgression in Central Mozambique and Zambia chacmas likely originated from populations closer to eastern rather than western Tanzanian yellow baboons.
Our findings reveal yellow baboon introgression in Central Mozambique chacmas, confirming this being a region hosting baboons with complex ancestry composition. Broader genomic surveys across Mozambique are necessary to uncover the population structure and evolutionary history of chacmas in this area, as well as the role of this region as a biodiversity crossroads for primates.
杂交在物种进化中起着关键作用，在灵长类动物中广泛存在，尤其是在狒狒属中。在非洲已确定了几个狒狒杂交区，莫桑比克的戈龙戈萨国家公园以出现具有东非草原狒狒和黄狒狒表型及基因组特征的东非草原狒狒而闻名。本研究基于早期研究，利用新的基因组数据来完善我们对莫桑比克中部狒狒与其他狒狒种群之间关系的理解，重点关注东非草原狒狒、黄狒狒和豚尾狒狒。
我们分析了单亲遗传标记以及常染色体和X染色体变异，纳入了从莫桑比克中部采集的粪便样本中未发表的低覆盖度基因组。这些数据与基于近期调查的更广泛的狒狒基因组情况进行了比较。
对单亲标记的分析表明，赞比亚和戈龙戈萨的东非草原狒狒最近共同祖先的时间不到20万年，两个谱系在不到100万年前与坦桑尼亚的黄狒狒共享一个节点。基因组分析表明，莫桑比克中部和赞比亚的东非草原狒狒的基因渗入可能起源于更接近坦桑尼亚东部而非西部黄狒狒的种群。
我们的研究结果揭示了莫桑比克中部东非草原狒狒中有黄狒狒的基因渗入，证实该地区是具有复杂祖先组成的狒狒栖息地。有必要在莫桑比克进行更广泛的基因组调查，以揭示该地区东非草原狒狒的种群结构和进化历史，以及该地区作为灵长类生物多样性十字路口的作用。
