University of Bremen, UFT, FB02, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Apr 1;15(4):652. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15040652.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are increasingly emitted to the environment due to a rise in application in various products; therefore, assessment of their potential risks for biota is important. In this study the effects of AgNP at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.6-375 µg kg soil) on the soil invertebrate in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) soil was examined at different soil water contents. Animals were retrieved by heat extraction, which had an efficiency of about 90% compared with the floatation method. The tested water content range is set by OECD Guideline 232 (40-60% of the maximum water holding capacity, WHC), and we detected significant differences in toxicity due to these. With AgNO₃, used as an ionic control, the number of juveniles significantly decreased only at 40% WHC, which might be due to dilution of the toxicant at higher soil water content. In turn, at 60% WHC, the reproduction of significantly increased in the presence of AgNP compared with in the control. However, at this water content, the required number of juveniles in the control treatment was not reached in three independent tests. The fact that the OECD validity criterion is not met indicates that the soil conditions are not suitable for reproduction at 60% WHC.
由于银纳米粒子（AgNP）在各种产品中的应用不断增加，因此越来越多地排放到环境中，评估其对生物群的潜在风险非常重要。在这项研究中，在不同土壤水分含量下，研究了环境相关浓度（0.6-375μgkg土壤）的 AgNP 对经合组织（经济合作与发展组织）土壤中土壤无脊椎动物的影响。通过热提取回收动物，与浮选法相比，其效率约为 90%。测试的水分含量范围由经合组织指南 232 设定（最大持水能力，WHC 的 40-60%），我们发现由于这些原因，毒性存在显著差异。用作为离子对照的 AgNO₃，只有在 40%WHC 时，幼体数量才会显著减少，这可能是由于在较高土壤水分含量下，有毒物质被稀释了。相反，在 60%WHC 时，与对照相比，AgNP 存在时显著增加了的繁殖。然而，在这个含水量下，在三个独立的测试中，对照处理中所需的幼体数量都没有达到。经合组织有效性标准未得到满足的事实表明，在 60%WHC 下，土壤条件不适合繁殖。
