Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Mar 10;19(3):805. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030805.
The concept of hormesis, as an adaptive response of biological systems to moderate environmental challenges, has raised considerable nano-toxicological interests in view of the rapid pace of production and application of even more innovative nanomaterials and the expected increasing likelihood of environmental and human exposure to low-dose concentrations. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an update of the current knowledge concerning the biphasic dose-responses induced by nanoparticle exposure. The evidence presented confirmed and extended our previous findings, showing that hormesis is a generalized adaptive response which may be further generalized to nanoscale xenobiotic challenges. Nanoparticle physico-chemical properties emerged as possible features affecting biphasic relationships, although the molecular mechanisms underlining such influences remain to be fully understood, especially in experimental settings resembling long-term and low-dose realistic environmental exposure scenarios. Further investigation is necessary to achieve helpful information for a suitable assessment of nanomaterial risks at the low-dose range for both the ecosystem function and the human health.
激效现象的概念，即生物系统对适度环境挑战的适应性反应，引起了相当大的纳米毒理学关注，因为即使更具创新性的纳米材料的生产和应用步伐加快，而且预计环境和人类接触低剂量浓度的可能性也在增加。因此，本综述的目的是提供有关纳米颗粒暴露引起的双相剂量反应的最新知识。所提出的证据证实并扩展了我们之前的发现，表明激效是一种普遍的适应性反应，可能进一步推广到纳米尺度的异生物质挑战。纳米颗粒的物理化学特性似乎是影响双相关系的可能特征，尽管支持这种影响的分子机制仍有待充分理解，特别是在实验环境中，这些实验环境类似于长期和低剂量的现实环境暴露情况。需要进一步调查，以获得有关纳米材料在生态系统功能和人类健康的低剂量范围内风险评估的有用信息。
