Stamminger Rainer, Tecchio Paolo, Ardente Fulvio, Mathieux Fabrice, Niestrath Phoebe
Universität Bonn, Household and Appliance Technology Section, Nussallee 5, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Via E. Fermi 2749, T.P. 122, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
Resour Conserv Recycl. 2018 Apr;131:206-215. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.11.014.
Durability plays a key role in enhancing resource conservation and contributing to waste minimization. The washing-machine product group represents a relevant case study for the development of a durability test and as a potential trigger to systematically address durability in the design of products. We developed a procedure to test the durability performance of washing-machines as a main objective of this research. The research method consisted of an analysis of available durability standards and procedures to test products and components, followed by an analysis of relevant references related to frequent failures. Finally, we defined the criteria and the conditions for a repeatable, relatively fast and relevant endurance test. The durability test considered the whole product tested under conditions of stress. A series of spinning cycles with fixed imbalanced loads was run on two washing-machines to observe failures and performance changes during the test. Even though no hard failures occurred, results clearly showed that not all washing-machines can sustain such a test without abrasion or performance deterioration. However, the attempt to reproduce the stress induced on a washing-machine by carrying out a high number of pure spinning cycles with fixed loads did not allow equal testing conditions: the actions of the control procedure regarding imbalanced loads differ from machine to machine. The outcomes of this research can be used as grounds to develop standardised durability tests and to, hence, contribute to the development of future product policy measures.
耐用性在加强资源保护和促进减少浪费方面发挥着关键作用。洗衣机产品组是开发耐久性测试以及作为在产品设计中系统解决耐用性问题的潜在触发因素的一个相关案例研究。作为本研究的主要目标，我们开发了一种测试洗衣机耐用性性能的程序。研究方法包括分析现有的耐用性标准和测试产品及部件的程序，随后分析与频繁故障相关的参考文献。最后，我们确定了可重复、相对快速且相关的耐久性测试的标准和条件。耐久性测试考虑了在应力条件下对整个产品进行测试。在两台洗衣机上运行了一系列带有固定不平衡负载的脱水循环，以观察测试过程中的故障和性能变化。尽管没有发生严重故障，但结果清楚地表明，并非所有洗衣机都能在无磨损或性能恶化的情况下承受这样的测试。然而，通过进行大量带有固定负载的纯脱水循环来重现洗衣机上产生的应力的尝试，并未实现同等的测试条件：控制程序针对不平衡负载的操作因机器而异。本研究的结果可作为制定标准化耐久性测试的依据，从而有助于未来产品政策措施的制定。
