Tomasevic Jorge A, Marzluff John M
School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 325100, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, USA.
Centro de Humedales Río Cruces (CEHUM), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Oecologia. 2018 May;187(1):15-23. doi: 10.1007/s00442-018-4135-1. Epub 2018 Apr 3.
Home range, territory, and core areas are concepts that have been used to describe a species' space use. However, little research has been done to understand potential spatial relationships between them. While the relative importance of different areas of the home range has been addressed with utilization distributions, there is a lack of such analysis for territories. We mapped the locations of territorial advertisements (calls and drumming) of the pileated woodpecker in suburban areas to determine a more objective, behavior-based approach to define areas of importance within territories, which we called 'highly-defended areas'. We then analyzed the relationship between such highly-defended areas and a bird's home range and territory. On average, territories represented 69.6 ± 0.06% (mean ± SE) of a woodpecker's home range, and highly-defended areas were 34.3 ± 0.03% of their home range. Highly-defended areas objectively determined the portion of the territory that was important for fitness. For example, they contained a significant proportion of the nests and roost sites of pileated woodpeckers, which are important for reproduction and survivorship. This approach could be useful to further incorporate behavior in the study of the spatial ecology of species.
家域、领地和核心区域是用于描述物种空间利用情况的概念。然而，为了解它们之间潜在的空间关系所做的研究甚少。虽然利用分布已用于探讨家域不同区域的相对重要性，但对于领地却缺乏此类分析。我们绘制了郊区北美黑啄木鸟领地宣告（鸣叫和啄木声）的位置，以确定一种更客观的、基于行为的方法来界定领地内的重要区域，我们将其称为“高度防御区域”。然后，我们分析了此类高度防御区域与鸟类家域和领地之间的关系。平均而言，领地占啄木鸟家域的69.6±0.06%（平均值±标准误），高度防御区域占其家域的34.3±0.03%。高度防御区域客观地确定了领地中对适合度至关重要的部分。例如，它们包含北美黑啄木鸟相当比例的巢穴和栖息位点，这些对于繁殖和生存至关重要。这种方法可能有助于在物种空间生态学研究中进一步纳入行为因素。
