Kahraman Özlem, Demirci Esra Özdemir
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey.
Pediatr Int. 2018 Jun;60(6):529-534. doi: 10.1111/ped.13573.
Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. Behavioral disinhibition, poor neurocognitive skills and immediate reward preference in children with ADHD have been suggested as risk factors for Internet addiction (IA). The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the relationship between IA and depression, anxiety, and self-esteem in adolescents with ADHD, and to identify the features of Internet use that predict IA.
We studied 111 patients with ADHD aged 12-18 years, and 108 healthy controls. The ADHD patients and controls were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, the Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), Children's Depression Inventory, Childhood Screening Scale for Anxiety in Children, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
IAS total score in the adolescents with ADHD was significantly higher than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the ADHD group depression scale score was significantly higher, and self-esteem score significantly lower (P < 0.05 for both). There was no difference between the groups in anxiety score. IAS score had a positive correlation with depression and anxiety scores, and a negative correlation with self-esteem score.
The relationship between IA scale score and depression, anxiety and self-esteem scale scores were similar in the ADHD and the control group. In addition, IAS subscale and total scores were significantly higher in the ADHD group than the control group, even after controlling for the effects of self-esteem, depression and anxiety scores. Thus, ADHD is thought to be an independent risk factor for depression, anxiety and self-esteem, and, hence, for IA.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童期最常见的神经发育障碍之一。ADHD儿童的行为抑制障碍、神经认知技能差和即时奖励偏好被认为是网络成瘾（IA）的风险因素。因此，本研究的目的是调查ADHD青少年中IA与抑郁、焦虑和自尊之间的关系，并确定预测IA的网络使用特征。
我们研究了111名年龄在12 - 18岁的ADHD患者和108名健康对照者。ADHD患者和对照者被要求填写一份社会人口统计学数据表格、网络成瘾量表（IAS）、儿童抑郁量表、儿童焦虑筛查量表和罗森伯格自尊量表。
ADHD青少年的IAS总分显著高于对照组。与对照组相比，ADHD组的抑郁量表得分显著更高，自尊得分显著更低（两者P均<0.05）。两组在焦虑得分上没有差异。IAS得分与抑郁和焦虑得分呈正相关，与自尊得分呈负相关。
ADHD组和对照组中IA量表得分与抑郁、焦虑和自尊量表得分之间的关系相似。此外，即使在控制了自尊、抑郁和焦虑得分的影响后，ADHD组的IAS子量表和总分仍显著高于对照组。因此，ADHD被认为是抑郁、焦虑和自尊的独立风险因素，进而也是IA的独立风险因素。
